Holistic tool for ecosystem services and disservices assessment in the urban forests of the Real Bosco di Capodimonte, Naples.

A tool for urban forest Ecosystem services (ES) and disservices (ED) assessment has been developed to visualize (i) overall ES and ED value, (ii) ES-ED trade-off and (iii) explore principal influences in ES and ED provision. The Real Bosco di Capodimonte (RBC) (Naples, Southern Italy) has been chosen as a case study. ES and ED linked to urban forest plant cover were: biodiversity, carbon storage, gross and net carbon sequestration, lessen runoff, oxygen production, air pollution removal, UV effects reduction, pollen-related allergenicity risk, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions.