Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors as a Promising Treatment Against Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a critical medical condition that requires immediate attention to minimise heart damage and improve survival rates. Early identification and prompt treatment are essential to save the patient's life. Currently, the treatment strategy focuses on restoring blood flow to the myocardium as quickly as possible.

Effect of Probiotics on Gastrointestinal Health Through the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Pathway: A Systematic Review.

Probiotics are living microorganisms recognized for conferring health benefits on the host by modulating the gut microbiota. They interact with various signaling pathways, including the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which plays a crucial role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and immune function. The activation of AhR by probiotics has been associated with benefits such as improved intestinal barrier function, reduced inflammation, and modulation of immune responses.

Involvement of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Longevity and Healthspan: Insights from Humans, Mice, and .

In previous studies, using transcriptomic analysis, we observed higher levels of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) gene expression in the peripheral blood cells of centenarians compared to octogenarians. This suggests the potential significance of this receptor in maintaining physiological balance and promoting healthy aging, possibly linked to its critical role in detoxifying xenobiotics. In our current study, we confirmed that AHR expression is indeed higher in centenarians.

Sodium valproate treatment reverses endothelial dysfunction in aorta from rabbits with acute myocardial infarction.

Sodium valproate (VPA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, could be a promising candidate to treat acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In this study, AMI was induced in New Zealand White rabbits by occluding the left circumflex coronary artery for 1 h, followed by reperfusion. The animals were distributed into three experimental groups: the sham-operated group (SHAM), the AMI group and the AMI + VPA group (AMI treated with VPA 500 mg/kg/day).

Pomegranate Extract Administration Reverses Loss of Motor Coordination and Prevents Oxidative Stress in Cerebellum of Aging Mice.

The cerebellum is responsible for complex motor functions, like maintaining balance and stance, coordination of voluntary movements, motor learning, and cognitive tasks. During aging, most of these functions deteriorate, which results in falls and accidents. The aim of this work was to elucidate the effect of a standardized pomegranate extract during four months of supplementation in elderly mice to prevent frailty and improve the oxidative state.

The Role of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in the Endothelium: A Systematic Review.

Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has been shown to be important in physiological processes other than detoxification, including vascular homeostasis. Although AhR is highly expressed in the endothelium, its function has been poorly studied. This systematic review aims to summarise current knowledge on the AhR role in the endothelium and its cardiovascular implications.

Supplementation with a New Standardized Extract of Green and Black Tea Exerts Antiadipogenic Effects and Prevents Insulin Resistance in Mice with Metabolic Syndrome.

Insulin resistance is one of the main characteristics of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the main cause of the development of type II diabetes. The high prevalence of this syndrome in recent decades has made it necessary to search for preventive and therapeutic agents, ideally of natural origin, with fewer side effects than conventional pharmacological treatments. Tea is widely known for its medicinal properties, including beneficial effects on weight management and insulin resistance.

Effects of Sepsis on Immune Response, Microbiome and Oxidative Metabolism in Preterm Infants.

This is a narrative review about the mechanisms involved in bacterial sepsis in preterm infants, which is an illness with a high incidence, morbidity, and mortality. The role of the innate immune response and its relationship with oxidative stress in the pathogenesis are described as well as their potential implementation as early biomarkers. Moreover, we address the impact that all the mechanisms triggered by sepsis have on the dysbiosis and the changes on neonatal microbiota.

Co-opting signalling molecules enables logic-gated control of CAR T cells.

Although chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have altered the treatment landscape for B cell malignancies, the risk of on-target, off-tumour toxicity has hampered their development for solid tumours because most target antigens are shared with normal cells. Researchers have attempted to apply Boolean-logic gating to CAR T cells to prevent toxicity; however, a truly safe and effective logic-gated CAR has remained elusive. Here we describe an approach to CAR engineering in which we replace traditional CD3ζ domains with intracellular proximal T cell signalling molecules.

Glucose 6-P Dehydrogenase Overexpression Improves Aging-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction in Aorta from Mice: Role of Arginase II.

The increase of vascular arginase activity during aging causes endothelial dysfunction. This enzyme competes with the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) for L-arginine substrate. Our hypothesis is that glucose 6-P dehydrogenase (G6PD) overexpression could improve the endothelial function modulating the arginase pathway in aorta from mice.

Analysis of Exosomal Cargo Provides Accurate Clinical, Histologic and Mutational Information in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Lung cancer is a malignant disease with high mortality and poor prognosis, frequently diagnosed at advanced stages. Nowadays, immense progress in treatment has been achieved. However, the present scenario continues to be critical, and a full comprehension of tumor progression mechanisms is required, with exosomes being potentially relevant players.

Functional Transcriptomic Analysis of Centenarians' Offspring Reveals a Specific Genetic Footprint That May Explain That They Are Less Frail Than Age-Matched Noncentenarians' Offspring.

Centenarians exhibit extreme longevity and compression of morbidity and display a unique genetic signature. Centenarians' offspring seem to inherit centenarians' compression of morbidity, as measured by lower rates of age-related pathologies. We aimed to ascertain whether centenarians' offspring are less frail and whether they are endowed with a "centenarian genetic footprint" in a case-control study, matched 1:1 for gender, age ±5 years, and place of birth and residence.

Transcriptomic profile of epileptic children treated with ketogenic therapies.

: Ketogenic dietary therapies (KDT) are used as a treatment in childhood epilepsy. However, their mechanism has not yet been established. The main objective of this study was to determine the changes in the transcriptomic profile induced by KDT in children with epilepsy in order to shed light on its possible mechanisms.

How cells tell up from down and stick together to construct multicellular tissues - interplay between apicobasal polarity and cell-cell adhesion.

Polarized epithelia define a topological inside and outside, and hence constitute a key evolutionary innovation that enabled the construction of complex multicellular animal life. Over time, this basic function has been elaborated upon to yield the complex architectures of many of the organs that make up the human body. The two processes necessary to yield a polarized epithelium, namely regulated adhesion between cells and the definition of the apicobasal (top-bottom) axis, have likewise undergone extensive evolutionary elaboration, resulting in multiple sophisticated protein complexes that contribute to both functions.

Glucose 6-P dehydrogenase delays the onset of frailty by protecting against muscle damage.

Background: Frailty is a major age-associated syndrome leading to disability. Oxidative damage plays a significant role in the promotion of frailty. The cellular antioxidant system relies on reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) that is highly dependent on glucose 6-P dehydrogenase (G6PD).

miRNomic Signature in Very Low Birth-Weight Neonates Discriminates Late-Onset Gram-Positive Sepsis from Controls.

Background And Objectives: Neonatal sepsis is a serious condition with a high rate of mortality and morbidity. Currently, the gold standard for sepsis diagnosis is a positive blood culture, which takes 48-72 h to yield results. We hypothesized that identifying differentially expressed miRNA pattern in neonates with late-onset Gram-positive sepsis would help with an earlier diagnosis and therapy.

Exercise training as a modulator of epigenetic events in prostate tumors.

Background: Exercise is increasingly recognized as an effective strategy to improve cancer prevention and prognosis. Several biological mechanisms mediating these benefits have been proposed, but the role of epigenetics remains largely unknown. Since epigenetics is highly susceptible to lifestyle factors, we hypothesized that exercise could affect the epigenome landscape in cancer tissues.

Transcriptome profiles discriminate between Gram-positive and Gram-negative sepsis in preterm neonates.

Background: Genome-wide expression profiles have been previously employed as clinical research diagnostic tools for newborn sepsis. We aimed to determine if transcriptomic profiles could discriminate between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial sepsis in preterm infants.

Methods: Prospective, observational, double-cohort study was conducted in very low birth weight infants with clinical signs and culture-positive sepsis.

Anti-Aging Physiological Roles of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Its Dietary Regulators.

The vast majority of the literature on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor is concerned with its functions in xenobiotic detoxification. However, in the course of evolution, this receptor had to have physiological (rather than toxicological) functions. Our aim was to review the aryl hydrocarbon receptor's role in the physiological functions involved in aging.

The Status of Modulates the Effect of miRNA-200c on Expression and Cell Migration in Glioblastoma Cells.

Migration of glioblastoma cells into surrounding tissue is one of the main features that makes this tumor incurable. We evaluated whole-genome miRNA expression profiling associated with different EGFR amplification patterns in 30 cases of primary glioblastoma. From the 64 miRNAs that showed differential expression between tumors with a high level of EGFR amplification and tumors without EGFR amplification, 40% were related with cell migration, being miR-200c the most differentially expressed between these two groups.

Ovarian Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Differential Expression Genes Associated with Cell Death Process after Selection for Ovulation Rate in Rabbits.

Litter size is an essential trait in rabbit meat production but with low heritability. A selection experiment for ovulation rate has been performed for 10 generations to improve litter size in rabbits. The selected line increased two ova more than the control line but nevertheless a negative correlation was observed with prenatal survival.

Transcriptomic identification of miR-205 target genes potentially involved in metastasis and survival of cutaneous malignant melanoma.

Cutaneous melanoma is an aggressive neoplasm and is responsible for the majority of skin cancer deaths. Several miRNAs are involved in melanoma tumor progression. One of them is miR-205, the loss of which contributes to the development of melanoma metastasis.

A Novel Micronutrient Blend Mimics Calorie Restriction Transcriptomics in Multiple Tissues of Mice and Increases Lifespan and Mobility in .

Background: We previously described a novel micronutrient blend that behaves like a putative calorie restriction mimetic. The aim of this paper was to analyze the beneficial effects of our micronutrient blend in mice and and compare them with calorie restriction.

Methods: Whole transcriptomic analysis was performed in the brain cortex, skeletal muscle and heart in three groups of mice: old controls (30 months), old + calorie restriction and old + novel micronutrient blend.

Impact of Donor Human Milk in the Preterm Very Low Birth Weight Gut Transcriptome Profile by Use of Exfoliated Intestinal Cells.

Background: Own mother's milk (OMM) is the optimal nutrition for preterm infants. However, pasteurized donor human milk (DHM) is a valid alternative. We explored the differences of the transcriptome in exfoliated epithelial intestinal cells (EEIC) of preterm infants receiving full feed with OMM or DHM.

Does Pasteurized Donor Human Milk Efficiently Protect Preterm Infants Against Oxidative Stress?

Pasteurized donor human milk (DHM) is the preferred alternative for infant nutrition when own mother's milk (OMM) is unavailable. Whether DHM is an efficient means for protecting preterm infants from oxidative stress remains unknown. We quantified a panel of oxidative stress biomarkers in urine samples from preterm infants (≤32 weeks of gestation and a birth weight ≤1500 g) receiving ≥80% of feeding volume as either DHM or OMM.