Neonatal outcome following metformin-treated gestational diabetes mellitus: A population-based cohort study.

Introduction: Neonatal hypoglycemia is a common complication associated with gestational diabetes and therefore relevant to consider in evaluations of maternal treatment. We aimed to investigate the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia in offspring exposed to metformin treatment alone (MT) or combined with insulin (MIT) in comparison with nutrition therapy alone (NT), and insulin treatment alone (IT). In addition, we investigated MT in comparison with MIT.

Cardiac function, myocardial mechano-energetic efficiency, and ventricular-arterial coupling in normal pregnancy.

Objective: To assess cardiac function, myocardial mechanoenergetic efficiency (MEE), and ventricular-arterial coupling (VAC) longitudinally during normal pregnancy, and to study if there was an association between cardiac structure and function, and fetal growth.

Methods: Cardiac structure and function, MEE, and ventricular-arterial coupling was assessed longitudinally in 52 healthy nulliparous women at 14, 24, and 34 weeks' gestation and 9-month postpartum.

Results: Left atrial diameter increased during pregnancy (30.

Cardiac structure and function, and ventricular-arterial interaction 11 years following a pregnancy with preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with acute left ventricular dysfunction. Whether these changes eventually resolve remains unclear. This study assessed left and right ventricular structure and function, and ventricular-arterial interaction in 15 women 11 years after a pregnancy with PE and 16 matched control subjects with a normal pregnancy.

Normalized endothelial function but sustained cardiovascular risk profile 11 years following a pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia.

Women with a history of preeclampsia are at increased risk of future cardiovascular disease. Preeclampsia is associated with elevated blood pressure, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, and these findings remain 1 year after delivery. Whether these abnormalities persist long after delivery, and whether they may contribute to future cardiovascular disease, is not well studied.

Endothelin-1 and macrophage colony-stimulating factor are co-localized in human amnion membrane cells and secreted into amniotic fluid.

We have examined the cellular localization and human amniotic fluid content of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). The study material consisted of amniotic fluid from 20 patients referred for amniocentesis, and placental samples from normal deliveries. ET-1 and M-CSF were analysed by radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay respectively.

Transforming growth factor-beta1 in fetal serum correlates with insulin-like growth factor-I and fetal growth.

Objective: To estimate whether transforming growth factor-beta1 in fetal serum obtained by umbilical cord sampling at delivery is correlated with fetal growth. We also estimated whether transforming growth factor-beta1 is correlated with insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1, which have been shown to correlate with fetal growth.

Methods: The active form of transforming growth factor-beta1 was analyzed in serum from cord blood from 68 fetuses by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique.

Pre-term cervical ripening and labor induction.

Objective: To evaluate retrospectively pre-term induction; with Prostaglandin (PG) E(2)-gel and i.v. oxtytocin, respectively.