Effect of Compositionally Different Substrates on Elemental Properties of Bay Bolete Mushrooms: Case Study of 34 Essential and Non-essential Elements from Six Areas Affected Differently by Industrial Pollution.

We studied concentrations of 34 essential and non-essential elements in samples of edible Bay Bolete (Imleria badia) mushrooms added by samples of the growing substrate and bioavailable fraction. The samples were collected from six forested sites affected differently by industrial pollution and underlain by compositionally contrasting bedrock: granite, amphibolite, and peridotite. In all cases, mushrooms behaved as a bioconcentrating system for elements such as Ag, K, P, Rb, S, and Se (BCF > 1) being a bioexcluding system for the rest of the elements analyzed (BCF < 1).

Accumulation and within-mushroom distribution of elements in red cracking bolete (Xerocomellus chrysenteron) collected over the extended period from compositionally contrasting substrates.

We conducted a study of elemental compositions of Xerocomellus chrysenteron samples accompanied by samples of related substrate soils. All samples were collected during the harvesting seasons 2021 and 2022 from three forested sites almost unpolluted by recent human activities and underlain by contrasting bedrock (granite, amphibolite, and serpentinite). Elements such as Ag, Cd, K, P, Rb, S, Se, and Zn were the main elements enriched in the mushroom's fruiting bodies relative to the substrate.

Spatial and temporal trends in δZn and Pb/Pb isotope ratios along a rural transect downwind from the Upper Silesian industrial area: Role of legacy vs. present-day pollution.

Transect sampling is an under-exploited tool in isotope studies of atmospheric pollution. Few studies have combined Zn and Pb isotope ratios to investigate whether atmospheric pollution at a receptor site is dominated by a different anthropogenic source of each of these toxic elements. It has been also unclear whether pollution abatement strategies in Central Europe have already resulted in regionally well-mixed background isotope signature of atmospheric Zn and Pb.

Translocation of elements and fractionation of Mg, Cu, Zn, and Cd stable isotopes in a penny bun mushroom (Boletus edulis) from western Czech Republic.

Boletus edulis mushroom behaved as an accumulating biosystem with respect to Ag, Rb, Zn, and K. The mushroom was not an efficient accumulator of toxic As, Pb, and Cr, but Se and Cd displayed much higher concentrations in the mushroom than in the substrate samples. Other elements were bioexclusive.

Mobilization of electroosmotic flow markers in capillary zone electrophoresis.

UV-absorbing neutral substances are commonly used as markers of mean electroosmotic flow in capillary electrophoresis for their zero electrophoretic mobility in an electric field. However, some of these markers can interact with background electrolyte components and migrate at a different velocity than the electroosmotic flow. Thus, we tested 11 markers primarily varying in their degree of methylation and type of central atom in combination with five background electrolyte cations differing in their ionic radii and surface charge density, measuring the relative electrophoretic mobility using thiourea as a reference marker.

Interaction of heparin and tetraarginine in capillary electrophoresis: Implication for analytical applications.

Interactions between heparin and tetraarginine in an acidic background electrolyte were investigated in capillary electrophoresis. The results showed that tetraarginine and heparin form a stable complex that migrates toward the anode immediately after coming into contact. When a zone of tetraarginine at a mg/mL concentration level passes through a zone of heparin at a μg/mL concentration level, tetraarginine is gradually removed by the formation of the complex that migrates in the opposite direction, thereby decreasing the tetraarginine peak area.

Cadmium isotope fractionation of materials derived from various industrial processes.

Our study represents ϵ(114/110) Cd NIST3108 values of materials resulting from anthropogenic activities such as coal burning, smelting, refining, metal coating, and the glass industry. Additionally, primary sources (ore samples, pigment, coal) processed in the industrial premises were studied. Two sphalerites, galena, coal and pigment samples exhibited ϵ(114/110) CdNIST3108 values of 1.

Ellipticine oxidation and DNA adduct formation in human hepatocytes is catalyzed by human cytochromes P450 and enhanced by cytochrome b5.

Ellipticine is an antineoplastic agent considered a pro-drug, the pharmacological and genotoxic effects of which are dependent on cytochrome P450 (CYP)- and/or peroxidase-mediated activation to covalent DNA adducts. We investigated whether ellipticine-DNA adducts are formed in human hepatic microsomes and human hepatocytes. We then identified which human CYPs oxidize ellipticine to metabolites forming DNA adducts and the effect of cytochrome b(5) on this oxidation.

Ellipticine cytotoxicity to cancer cell lines - a comparative study.

Ellipticine is a potent antineoplastic agent exhibiting multiple mechanisms of action. This anticancer agent should be considered a pro-drug, whose pharmacological efficiency and/or genotoxic side effects are dependent on its cytochrome P450 (CYP)- and/or peroxidase-mediated activation to species forming covalent DNA adducts. Ellipticine can also act as an inhibitor or inducer of biotransformation enzymes, thereby modulating its own metabolism leading to its genotoxic and pharmacological effects.

alpha5beta1 integrin antagonists reduce chemotherapy-induced premature senescence and facilitate apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells.

The alpha5beta1 integrin represent a new therapeutic target for glioblastoma, which are malignant brain tumors difficult to cure with conventional therapies. Glioblastoma are known to be highly resistant to chemotherapy. We, therefore, investigated whether blocking alpha5beta1 integrin with specific nonpeptidic antagonists concomitantly with chemotherapy (ellipticine and temozolomide) may impact the response to chemotherapy of human glioblastoma.

Cytotoxicity of and DNA adduct formation by ellipticine in human U87MG glioblastoma cancer cells.

Objectives: Ellipticine is a potent antineoplastic agent exhibiting multiple mechanisms of action with promising brain tumor specificity. This anticancer agent should be considered a pro-drug, whose pharmacological efficiency and/or genotoxic side effects are dependent on its cytochrome P450 (CYP) - and/or peroxidase-mediated activation to species forming covalent DNA adducts. Ellipticine can also act as an inhibitor or inducer of biotransformation enzymes, thereby modulating its own metabolism leading to its genotoxic and pharmacological effects.