RECURRENT SELF-LIMITED HYPERTHERMIA FOLLOWING ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective and safe treatment for severe mental disorders, when it is implemented under an adequate surveillance. Its most frequently described side effects are anterograde amnesia, mania, post- ictal confusion, nausea, headache, myalgia, oral lacerations and dental injuries.

Objective Diagnosis of Fibromyalgia Using Neuroretinal Evaluation and Artificial Intelligence.

Background/objective: This study aims to identify objective biomarkers of fibromyalgia (FM) by applying artificial intelligence algorithms to structural data on the neuroretina obtained using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).

Method: The study cohort comprised 29 FM patients and 32 control subjects. The thicknesses of complete retina, 3 retinal layers [ganglion cell layer (GCL+), GCL++ (between the inner limiting membrane and the inner nuclear layer boundaries) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL)] and choroid in 9 areas around the macula were obtained using SS-OCT.

Neurocognition, functional outcome, and quality of life in remitted and non-remitted schizophrenia: A comparison with euthymic bipolar I disorder and a control group.

There are discrepancies about if the severity of the symptomatology in schizophrenia is related to neurocognitive performance, functional outcome, and quality of life (QoL). Also, there are controversial data about the comparison between euthymic bipolar patients and different subgroups of schizophrenia in neurocognition, functioning, and QoL level. The present study aimed to compare the neurocognitive performance, functional outcome, and QoL of remitted and non-remitted patients with SC with respect to a group of euthymic patients with BD, and a control group.

Predictive factors of functional outcome in patients with bipolar I disorder: a five-year follow-up.

Background: Functional impairment is commonly encountered among patients with bipolar disorder (BD) during periods of remission. The distribution of the impairment of the functional outcome is heterogeneous. The objective of this current investigation was to identify neurocognitive and clinical predictors of psychosocial functioning in a sample of patients with BD.

Progression of the functional deficit in a group of patients with bipolar disorder: a cluster analysis based on longitudinal data.

We aimed to examine the trajectory of psychosocial functioning in a sample of euthymic patients with bipolar disorder (BD) throughout a 5-year follow-up. Ninety-nine euthymic bipolar patients and 40 healthy controls (HC) were included. A neurocognitive assessment (17 neurocognitive measures grouped in 6 domains) was carried out at baseline.

Neurocognition and functional outcome in patients with psychotic, non-psychotic bipolar I disorder, and schizophrenia. A five-year follow-up.

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are characterized by neurocognitive and functional deficits with marked heterogeneity. It has been suggested that BD with a history of psychotic symptoms (BD-P) could constitute a phenotypically homogeneous subtype characterized by greater neurocognitive and functional impairments, or by a distinct trajectory of such deficits. The aim of this study was to compare the neurocognitive and functional course of euthymic BD-P, euthymic BD patients without a history of psychosis (BD-NP), stabilized patients with schizophrenia and healthy subjects, during a five-year follow-up.

Impact of number of episodes on neurocognitive trajectory in bipolar disorder patients: a 5-year follow-up study.

Background: The neurocognitive trajectory in bipolar disorder (BD) is variable, with controversial findings, and most evidence come from cross-sectional studies. We aimed to examine the course of neurocognitive functioning in a sample of euthymic BD patients in comparison with a control group during a 5-year follow-up.

Methods: Ninety-nine euthymic bipolar patients and 40 healthy controls were assessed using a comprehensive neurocognitive battery (six neurocognitive domains) at baseline (T1) and then at 5-year follow-up (T2) in a longitudinal study.

Long-acting injectable antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia in Spain.

Antipsychotics are an essential component in the treatment of schizophrenia. Long-acting injectable formulations (LAI) arose to improve adherence with the associated potential of reducing the risk of relapse. The objective of this article is to analyze the use of LAI antipsychotics in Spain, which is similar to other European countries but with a predominance of the use of second generation LAI, to discuss the possible causes of prescribing differences with respect to other countries (including organizational aspects, attitudes of psychiatrists, patients and family members, and clinical practice guidelines), and to discuss their use in acute psychiatric units, first episode, and in children and adolescents.

Psychosocial functioning in patients with psychotic and non-psychotic bipolar I disorder. A comparative study with individuals with schizophrenia.

Background: More than 50% of individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) do not reach full psychosocial functioning, even during periods of euthymia. It has been suggested that history of psychotic symptoms is one of the factors which are associated with a worse functional outcome. The objective was to compare psychosocial functioning between patients with BD, with (BD-P), and without (BD-NP) a history of psychotic symptoms, and to examine whether the history of psychotic symptoms, or other clinical or neurocognitive variables predict psychosocial functioning.

Neurocognition in patients with psychotic and non-psychotic bipolar I disorder. A comparative study with individuals with schizophrenia.

Background: It has been suggested that patients with bipolar disorder with psychotic symptoms (BD-P) have larger neurocognitive impairment than patients with bipolar disorder without a history of psychotic symptoms (BD-NP). The objective of this study was to compare neurocognitive performance of BD-P and BD-NP relative to a group of patients with schizophrenia (SZ), and healthy controls (HC).

Methods: Neurocognitive function was examined in 100 subjects with bipolar I disorder (50 BD-P, 50 BD-NP), 50 SZ, and 51 HC.

Long range frontal/posterior phase synchronization during remembered pursuit task is impaired in schizophrenia.

Although smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) is a reliable endophenotype of schizophrenia, exact underlying cognitive and neural substrates remain unknown. A simple mechanistic model of SPEM assumes an efficient interaction in integrating sensory input from the medial temporal (MT)/medial superior temporal (MST) brain regions and subsequent motor response through the frontal eye field (FEF). Poor functional connectivity between these two regions could explain impaired motion perception and SPEM maintenance in schizophrenia.

A five-year follow-up study of neurocognitive functioning in bipolar disorder.

Objectives: Cognitive dysfunction in bipolar disorder has been well-established in cross-sectional studies; however, there are few data regarding the longitudinal course of cognitive performance in bipolar disorder. The aim of this study was to examine the course of cognitive function in a sample of euthymic patients with bipolar disorder during a five-year follow-up period.

Methods: Eighty euthymic outpatients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of bipolar disorder and 40 healthy control comparison subjects were neuropsychologically assessed at baseline (T1) and then at follow-up of five years (T2).

Cognition and the five-factor model of the positive and negative syndrome scale in schizophrenia.

Different exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) have found a number of factors other than the original positive, negative, and general psychopathology. Based on a review of previous studies and using confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), Wallwork et al. (Schizophr Res 2012; 137: 246-250) have recently proposed a consensus five-factor structure of the PANSS.

Neuropsychological correlates of P50 sensory gating in patients with schizophrenia.

Impaired inhibition of P50 cerebral evoked response is one of the best validated endophenotypes in schizophrenia. There are controversial data on the relationship between P50 evoked potential deficit and measures of cognitive function in schizophrenia. A comprehensive clinical and neurocognitive assessment plus an evaluation of P50 sensory gating was performed in 160 schizophrenia patients and 64 controls.

Negative symptoms and executive function in schizophrenia: does their relationship change with illness duration?

Background: Negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunction are of crucial functional and prognostic importance in schizophrenia. However, the nature of the relationship between them and the factors that may influence it have not been well established.

Aims: To investigate whether the relationship between negative symptoms and executive function changes according to the duration of illness in schizophrenia.

P50 gating in deficit and nondeficit schizophrenia.

Dysfunctional auditory sensory processing has generally been found in schizophrenia and it has been suggested that these deficits might be related to clinical and psychosocial variables. The present study included P50 recordings using a simple-paired click auditory evoked potential paradigm in sixty patients with deficit schizophrenia (DS), sixty patients with nondeficit schizophrenia (NDS), and sixty comparison subjects. The Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome was used to categorize patients as DS or NDS.

Executive function in schizophrenia: influence of substance use disorder history.

Cognitive function in schizophrenia has been associated with different sociodemographic and clinical variables. Substance use disorder (SUD) history has also been associated with cognition in schizophrenia; however, contradictory results have been found regarding its influence on cognitive function. Our aim was to study the relationship between executive function and a) age, b) duration of illness, c) number of psychotic episodes, d) positive symptoms, and e) negative symptoms, in a sample of schizophrenic patients, and secondly to study whether these relationships persisted after stratification of the sample according to the presence or absence of SUD history.

Antipsychotic effects on auditory sensory gating in schizophrenia patients.

P50 sensory gating deficit has repeatedly been demonstrated in schizophrenia. Studies have produced inconsistent findings with respect to normalization of P50 gating in patients with schizophrenia receiving treatment with different antipsychotics. The current study was designed to determine whether there is a difference in P50 gating in schizophrenia patients treated with first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) and second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs), including clozapine.

Comparative study of neurocognitive function in euthymic bipolar patients and stabilized schizophrenic patients.

Few studies have compared neurocognitive performance in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder (BD), stabilized patients with schizophrenia (SC) and normal controls (NC) using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, and those that have been conducted have yielded discrepant results. We evaluated the neurocognitive profile shown by 73 euthymic patients with BD, 89 stabilized patients with SC and 67 NC. All participants completed a cognitive battery in which the domains evaluated were executive functioning, sustained attention, and verbal and visual memory.