Trauma-induced lung injury is associated with infiltration of activated TLR expressing myeloid cells.

Introduction: Traumatic injury with hemorrhage (TH) induces an inflammatory response in the lung resulting in lung injury involving activation of immune cells including myeloid cells (i.e., monocytes, granulocytes and macrophages), in part through TLRs.

Outcomes of patients undergoing radiation therapy for bladder cancer.

Objectives: To review our two institutional experiences regarding the historical referral patterns of bladder cancer patients to receive radiation therapy, characteristics of these referred patients, and their treatment outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed analyzing patients who underwent radiation therapy for bladder cancer from 2005 to 2015 ( = 69) at two regional referral institutions. The age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (AACCI) was calculated for each patient.

Memory for previously viewed radiographs and the effect of prior knowledge of memory task.

Rationale And Objectives: To investigate the effect of being forewarned that they would be asked to identify repeated images on radiologists' recognition of previously interpreted versus new chest radiographs.

Materials And Methods: Thirteen radiologists viewed 60 posterior-anterior chest radiographs, 31 with and 29 without nodules, in two sets of 40 images each. Eight radiologists were forewarned and five radiologists were not forewarned of the memory task.

Detection of β cell death in diabetes using differentially methylated circulating DNA.

In diabetes mellitus, β cell destruction is largely silent and can be detected only after significant loss of insulin secretion capacity. We have developed a method for detecting β cell death in vivo by amplifying and measuring the proportion of insulin 1 DNA from β cells in the serum. By using primers that are specific for DNA methylation patterns in β cells, we have detected circulating copies of β cell-derived demethylated DNA in serum of mice by quantitative PCR.