Sarcopenia prevalence and incidence in older men - a MrOs Sweden study.

Introduction: The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) published a revised definition of sarcopenia in 2018. There are few incidence studies of sarcopenia following the latest definition.

Objective: To study prevalence, incidence proportion and incidence rate of sarcopenia in a simple random sample of older Swedish men using the EWGSOP2 definition.

Hyperkyphosis and back pain are not associated with prevalent vertebral fractures in women with osteoporosis.

Vertebral fractures (VFs) are the clinical consequence of spinal osteoporosis and may be associated with back pain and aggravated kyphosis. However, the relative importance of VFs as an underlying cause of kyphosis and chronic back pain is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prevalent VFs and the size of kyphosis, and back pain in osteoporotic women.

International and ethnic variability of falls in older men.

Aims: Fallers and especially recurrent fallers are at high risk for injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate fall epidemiology in older men with special attention to the influence of age, ethnicity and country of residence.

Methods: 10,998 men aged 65 years or above recruited in Hong Kong, the United States (US) and Sweden were evaluated in a cross-sectional retrospective study design.

Inferior physical performance test results of 10,998 men in the MrOS Study is associated with high fracture risk.

Background: most fractures are preceded by falls.

Objective: the aim of this study was to determine whether tests of physical performance are associated with fractures.

Subjects: a total of 10,998 men aged 65 years or above were recruited.

Differences in muscle strength in dominant and non-dominant leg in females aged 20-39 years--a population-based study.

Objective: In sports medicine, muscle strength and joint flexibility of the contralateral limb is used as a rehabilitation goal for the injured extremity. The present study was designed to determine whether side differences in hamstrings and quadriceps muscle strength, or in the ratio between hamstrings and quadriceps strength (H:Q), might be of clinical importance.

Design: Cross-sectional study in a randomly selected, population-based cohort.

Population-based reference values of handgrip strength and functional tests of muscle strength and balance in men aged 70-80 years.

With aging, the incidence of falls and fractures increases. There has during the last decades been secular changes in demographics so that the proportion of elderly increases in society. Hence, there is an increasing need for clinicians to be able to make a solid appraisal of the elderly patient's functional capacity, as to identify individuals with an increased risk to fall.

Low-dose tibolone (1.25 mg/d) does not affect muscle strength in older women.

Objective: More than 50% of all fractures occur in people without osteoporosis. Hormone therapy increases bone density, improves postural balance, and reduces fracture risk in postmenopausal women. It is unclear whether tibolone, a synthetic steroid hormone drug, can improve muscle strength.

Estimation of physical performance and measurements of habitual physical activity may capture men with high risk to fall--data from the Mr Os Sweden cohort.

To evaluate if clinically usable estimates of physical performance and level of habitual physical activity are associated with fall risk in elderly men. A population-based sample of 3014 randomly selected men aged 69-80 years was recruited to medical centers in Gothenburg, Malmoe, or Uppsala. The level of physical activity and self-reported falls during the preceding 12 months was evaluated using a questionnaire.

Use of a Swedish T-score reference population for women causes a two-fold increase in the amount of postmenopausal Swedish patients that fulfill the WHO criteria for osteoporosis.

The WHO criteria for osteoporosis are based on bone mineral density (BMD) values in comparison to a reference population of healthy young adults. The aim of this study was to create BMD references for ethnic Swedish women, and to investigate whether the use of these T-score measurements influence the amount of Swedish postmenopausal patients that are diagnosed as having osteoporosis. A bone density reference was created by measuring a population-based sample of 335 randomly selected Swedish women aged 20-39yr.

A TA-repeat polymorphism in the gene for the estrogen receptor alpha does not correlate with muscle strength or body composition in young adult Swedish women.

Objectives: There are conflicting data in the literature whether estrogens affect muscle strength. Prospective studies with hormone replacement therapy have not been able to convincingly demonstrate a muscular effect and the putative role of estrogen in the development of lean body mass is not established. Both lean mass and fat mass are known to be under strong genetic control and therefore we have investigated the relation between a TA-repeat in the gene for the estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and muscle strength and body composition.

Genetic variation in the human vitamin D receptor is associated with muscle strength, fat mass and body weight in Swedish women.

Objective: Bone mineral density (BMD) is under strong genetic control and a number of candidate genes have been associated with BMD. Both muscle strength and body weight are considered to be important predictors of BMD but far less is known about the genes affecting muscle strength and fat mass. The purpose of this study was to investigate the poly adenosine (A) repeat and the BsmI SNP in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in relation to muscle strength and body composition in healthy women.

Six months of hormone replacement therapy does not influence muscle strength in postmenopausal women.

Objectives: Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has positive effects on fracture incidence before any effects on bone mineral density can be demonstrated. This has been attributed to increased muscle strength by HRT. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of 6 months of HRT on muscle strength in postmenopausal women.