Facial Beauty and the Correlation of Associated Attributes: An Empirical Aesthetic Database Study.

Background: The pursuit of understanding facial beauty has been the subject of scientific interest since time immemorial. How beauty is associated with other perceived attributes that affect human interaction remains elusive. This article aims to explore how facial attractiveness correlates with health, happiness, femininity, and perceived age.

Understanding Naturalistic Facial Expressions with Deep Learning and Multimodal Large Language Models.

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of affective computing systems for facial expression recognition (FER) research in naturalistic contexts. The first section presents an updated account of user-friendly FER toolboxes incorporating state-of-the-art deep learning models and elaborates on their neural architectures, datasets, and performances across domains. These sophisticated FER toolboxes can robustly address a variety of challenges encountered in the wild such as variations in illumination and head pose, which may otherwise impact recognition accuracy.

AI Hyperrealism: Why AI Faces Are Perceived as More Real Than Human Ones.

Recent evidence shows that AI-generated faces are now indistinguishable from human faces. However, algorithms are trained disproportionately on White faces, and thus White AI faces may appear especially realistic. In Experiment 1 ( = 124 adults), alongside our reanalysis of previously published data, we showed that White AI faces are judged as human more often than actual human faces-a phenomenon we term .

Human and machine recognition of dynamic and static facial expressions: prototypicality, ambiguity, and complexity.

A growing body of research suggests that movement aids facial expression recognition. However, less is known about the conditions under which the dynamic advantage occurs. The aim of this research was to test emotion recognition in static and dynamic facial expressions, thereby exploring the role of three featural parameters (prototypicality, ambiguity, and complexity) in human and machine analysis.

Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in a Facial Reconstruction Case Series Following the Implementation of an Integrated Craniofacial Multidisciplinary Team Clinic, Three-Dimensional Photography, and Computer Modeling.

Background: Facial reconstruction surgery is often a complex and staged process, leading to lengthy reconstructive journeys for patients. The integration of a clinical pathway can give patients a clearer understanding of what to expect at each stage of their reconstructive journey.

Objectives: The authors demonstrate how the incorporation of multidisciplinary team clinics, three-dimensional (3D) photography, and 3D modeling into an integrated pathway can streamline the process for patients undergoing facial reconstructive surgeries and aid their understanding of their surgeries.

The reciprocal relationship between smiles and situational contexts.

Smiles provide information about a social partner's affect and intentions during social interaction. Although always encountered within a specific situation, the influence of contextual information on smile evaluation has not been widely investigated. Moreover, little is known about the reciprocal effect of smiles on evaluations of their accompanying situations.

Facial Aesthetic Ideals: A Literature Summary of Supporting Evidence.

Background: To achieve the goal of enhancing facial beauty it is crucial for aesthetic physicians and plastic surgeons to have a deep understanding of aesthetic ideals. Although numerous aesthetic criteria have been proposed over the years, there is a lack of empirical analysis supporting many of these standards.

Objectives: This aim of this review was to undertake the first exploration of the empirical evidence concerning the aesthetic ideals of the face in the existing literature.

3D photography and computer modelling in nasal reconstruction.

Advances in high resolution 3D photography and computer modelling are revolutionising patient workup, surgical planning, patient satisfaction, clinical outcomes, and surgical training. We present a case in which this technology is utilised for a patient undergoing a forehead flap for reconstruction of a nasal defect, allowing us to develop a novel reconstructive algorithm. 3D photographs were taken pre-operatively, a computer model rendered and follow up photographs taken at each stage of the reconstruction using a Vectra XT camera.

More What Duchenne Smiles Do, Less What They Express.

We comment on an article by Sheldon et al. from a previous issue of (May 2021). They argued that the presence of positive emotion (Hypothesis 1), the intensity of positive emotion (Hypothesis 2), and chronic positive mood (Hypothesis 3) are reliably signaled by the Duchenne smile (DS).

Single Image Video Prediction with Auto-Regressive GANs.

In this paper, we introduce an approach for future frames prediction based on a single input image. Our method is able to generate an entire video sequence based on the information contained in the input frame. We adopt an autoregressive approach in our generation process, i.

PDSTD - The Portsmouth Dynamic Spontaneous Tears Database.

The vast majority of research on human emotional tears has relied on posed and static stimulus materials. In this paper, we introduce the Portsmouth Dynamic Spontaneous Tears Database (PDSTD), a free resource comprising video recordings of 24 female encoders depicting a balanced representation of sadness stimuli with and without tears. Encoders watched a neutral film and a self-selected sad film and reported their emotional experience for 9 emotions.

Sitting in Judgment: How Body Posture Influences Deception Detection and Gazing Behavior.

Body postures can affect how we process and attend to information. Here, a novel effect of adopting an open or closed posture on the ability to detect deception was investigated. It was hypothesized that the posture adopted by judges would affect their social acuity, resulting in differences in the detection of nonverbal behavior (i.

Decoding of facial expressions of pain in avatars: does sex matter?

Objectives: The decoding of facial expressions of pain plays a crucial role in pain diagnostic and clinical decision making. For decoding studies, it is necessary to present facial expressions of pain in a flexible and controllable fashion. Computer models (avatars) of human facial expressions of pain allow for systematically manipulating specific facial features.

Expression Authenticity: The Role of Genuine and Deliberate Displays in Emotion Perception.

People dedicate significant attention to others' facial expressions and to deciphering their meaning. Hence, knowing whether such expressions are genuine or deliberate is important. Early research proposed that authenticity could be discerned based on reliable facial muscle activations unique to genuine emotional experiences that are impossible to produce voluntarily.

A Novel Test of the Duchenne Marker: Smiles After Botulinum Toxin Treatment for Crow's Feet Wrinkles.

Smiles that vary in muscular configuration also vary in how they are perceived. Previous research suggests that "Duchenne smiles," indicated by the combined actions of the orbicularis oculi (cheek raiser) and the zygomaticus major muscles (lip corner puller), signal enjoyment. This research has compared perceptions of Duchenne smiles with non-Duchenne smiles among individuals voluntarily innervating or inhibiting the orbicularis oculi muscle.

Veracity judgement, not accuracy: Reconsidering the role of facial expressions, empathy, and emotion recognition training on deception detection.

People hold strong beliefs about the role of emotional cues in detecting deception. While research on the diagnostic value of such cues has been mixed, their influence on human veracity judgements is yet to be fully explored. Here, we address the relationship between emotional information and veracity judgements.

Mind your meat: Religious differences in the social perception of animals.

While previous work demonstrated that animals are categorised based on their edibility, little research has systematically evaluated the role of religion in the perception of animal edibility, particularly when specific animals are deemed sacred in a religion. In two studies, we explored a key psychological mechanism through which sacred animals are deemed inedible by members of a faith: mind attribution. In Study 1, non-vegetarian Hindus in Singapore (N = 70) evaluated 19 animals that differed in terms of their sacredness and edibility.

Human and machine validation of 14 databases of dynamic facial expressions.

With a shift in interest toward dynamic expressions, numerous corpora of dynamic facial stimuli have been developed over the past two decades. The present research aimed to test existing sets of dynamic facial expressions (published between 2000 and 2015) in a cross-corpus validation effort. For this, 14 dynamic databases were selected that featured facial expressions of the basic six emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise) in posed or spontaneous form.

Observers perceive the Duchenne marker as signaling only intensity for sad expressions, not genuine emotion.

The Duchenne marker-crow's feet wrinkles at the corner of the eyes-has a reputation for signaling genuine positive emotion in smiles. Here, we test whether this facial action might be better conceptualized as a marker of emotional intensity, rather than genuineness per se, and examine its perceptual outcomes beyond smiling, in sad expressions. For smiles, we found ratings of emotional intensity (how happy a face is) were unable to fully account for the effect of Duchenne status (present vs.

Opportunities and Challenges for Using Automatic Human Affect Analysis in Consumer Research.

The ability to automatically assess emotional responses via contact-free video recording taps into a rapidly growing market aimed at predicting consumer choices. If consumer attention and engagement are measurable in a reliable and accessible manner, relevant marketing decisions could be informed by objective data. Although significant advances have been made in automatic affect recognition, several practical and theoretical issues remain largely unresolved.

A performance comparison of eight commercially available automatic classifiers for facial affect recognition.

In the wake of rapid advances in automatic affect analysis, commercial automatic classifiers for facial affect recognition have attracted considerable attention in recent years. While several options now exist to analyze dynamic video data, less is known about the relative performance of these classifiers, in particular when facial expressions are spontaneous rather than posed. In the present work, we tested eight out-of-the-box automatic classifiers, and compared their emotion recognition performance to that of human observers.

Effectiveness of an Empathic Chatbot in Combating Adverse Effects of Social Exclusion on Mood.

From past research it is well known that social exclusion has detrimental consequences for mental health. To deal with these adverse effects, socially excluded individuals frequently turn to other humans for emotional support. While chatbots can elicit social and emotional responses on the part of the human interlocutor, their effectiveness in the context of social exclusion has not been investigated.