Gene-environment interactions predict cortisol responses after acute stress: implications for the etiology of depression.

Background: Growing evidence suggests that the serotonin transporter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) interacts with adverse environmental influences to produce an increased risk for the development of depression while the underlying mechanisms of this association remain largely unexplored. As one potential intermediate phenotype, we investigated alterations of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responses to stress in individuals with no history of psychopathology depending on both 5-HTTLPR and stressful life events.

Methods: Healthy male adults (N=100) were genotyped and completed a questionnaire on severe stressful life events (Life Events Checklist).

TPH2 gene variation and conflict processing in a cognitive and an emotional Stroop task.

Evidence suggests that a promoter polymorphism of the tryptophan-hydroxylase 2 gene (TPH2 -703 G/T) is associated with executive control functions. The current study aimed to clarify whether this relation is restricted to a purely cognitive domain or whether such an effect can also be observed in the processing of emotional material. In a sample of 89 student subjects, a 'cognitive' and an 'emotional' Stroop paradigm were applied to measure processing of cognitive and affective conflicts.

The 5-HT1A C(-1019)G polymorphism, personality and electrodermal reactivity in a reward/punishment paradigm.

During past years the 5-HT(1A) C(-1019)G polymorphism has been associated with vulnerability to depression, anxiety-disorder and personality traits related to negative emotionality (e.g. neuroticism).

Variation in the serotonin transporter gene modulates selective attention to threat.

The 5-HTTLPR is an insertion/deletion polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene. Prior research has revealed associations between the short-allele variant of this polymorphism, enhanced self-reported negative emotionality, and hypersensitivity of fear relevant neural circuits. In a sample of 50 healthy women we examined the role of 5-HTTLPR for cognitive-affective processing of phylogenetical fear-relevant stimuli (spiders) in a dot probe task.