Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - diagnosis and management of stable disease; a personalized approach to care, using the treatable traits concept based on clinical phenotypes. Position paper of the Czech Pneumological and Phthisiological Society.

This position paper has been drafted by experts from the Czech national board of diseases with bronchial obstruction, of the Czech Pneumological and Phthisiological Society. The statements and recommendations are based on both the results of randomized controlled trials and data from cross-sectional and prospective real-life studies to ensure they are as close as possible to the context of daily clinical practice and the current health care system of the Czech Republic. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable heterogeneous syndrome with a number of pulmonary and extrapulmonary clinical features and concomitant chronic diseases.

Initial chest X-ray in multiple trauma patients: Still works!

Objective: Blunt thoracic aortic injury is life-threatening injury. High suspicion on this clinical condition can be made by initial chest X-ray on emergency department. The aim of study was to detect which other signs, except widened mediastinum, are specific for rupture of the thoracic aorta.

Characteristic CT features of pheochromocytomas - probability model calculation tool based on a multicentric study.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the CT features of adrenal tumors in an effort to identify features specific to pheochromocytomas and second, to define a feasible probability calculation model.

Methods: This multicentric retrospective study included patients from the period 2003 to 2017 with an appropriate CT examination and a histological diagnosis of an adrenal adenoma, pheochromocytoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, or metastasis. In total, 346 patients were suitable for the CT image analysis, which included evaluation of the largest diameter, the shape of the lesion, the presence of central necrosis and its margins, and the presence of an enhancing peripheral rim ("ring sign").

Deceleration thoracic aortic ruptures in trauma center level I areas: a 6-year retrospective study.

Objectives: This retrospective study aimed to analyze the trend of mortality due to thoracic aortic ruptures caused by deceleration injuries that occurred within the catchment area of Hradec Kralove University Hospital.

Materials And Methods: The study sample comprised 175 patients who had sustained thoracic aortic ruptures caused by deceleration injuries and were transported to Hradec Kralove University Hospital in 2009-2014. The small proportion of patients enrolled in this retrospective study were diagnosed and treated at the emergency department (ED).

CT-guided biopsy of the mediastinal masses. Can anatomical relationships predict complications?

Aim: To retrospectively evaluate the technical features, feasibility, efficacy, accuracy and appropriate complications of CT-guided biopsies of mediastinal masses and correlate them with anatomical relationships in the mediastinum.

Methods: Over the course of ten years, 81 percutaneous biopsy procedures in 78 patients for tumors sizes 27 - 189 mm in diameter (median length 57.5 mm) were performed using only local anesthesia.

[Non-CF bronchiectasis of adults: short review for clinical practice Position paper of Board of disease with bronchial obstruction Czech Pulmonological and Phthiseological Society Czech Medical Association of J. E. Purkyne].

Bronchiectasis is a clinically important, but poorly understood, pulmonary condition characterized by dilated and thick-walled bronchi. Bronchiectasis remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Targeted effort to early high-resolution computed tomography diagnosis and detailed confirmation of causation are in the spotlight of respiratory physicians in the developed countries.

Scoring of the radiological picture of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: a study to verify the reliability of the method.

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a clinical form of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). Computed chest tomography (CT) has a fundamental role in the multidisciplinary diagnostics. However, it has not been verified if and how a subjective opinion of a radiologists or pneumologists can influence the assessment and overall diagnostic summary.

Real-life GOLD 2011 implementation: the management of COPD lacks correct classification and adequate treatment.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a serious, yet preventable and treatable, disease. The success of its treatment relies largely on the proper implementation of recommendations, such as the recently released Global Strategy for Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of COPD (GOLD 2011, of late December 2011). The primary objective of this study was to examine the extent to which GOLD 2011 is being used correctly among Czech respiratory specialists, in particular with regard to the correct classification of patients.

[Lymphomatoid granulomatosis - the past and present].

Background: Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LyG) is a rare multisystemic angiocentric and angiodestructive B lymphoproliferative disease that was first described by Liebow in 1972. Disease was then in the "gray zone" between vasculitis and lymphoproliferative disease. LyG is currently categorized as a primary B lymphoproliferative disease associated with Epstein-Barr (EB) virus according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumours.

Activated stellate cells express the TRAIL receptor-2/death receptor-5 and undergo TRAIL-mediated apoptosis.

Apoptosis has emerged as an important mechanism to reduce numbers of activated stellate cells during the resolution phase of hepatic fibrosis. These observations suggest that activated stellate cells may be more susceptible to apoptotic stimuli than their quiescent counterparts. Because other activated cell types are more sensitive than their quiescent phenotypes to apoptosis by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), we examined the expression of TRAIL death receptors (DRs) and susceptibility to TRAIL cytotoxicity in stellate cells undergoing progressive activation.