Specific analysis of SOD1 enzymatic activity in CSF from ALS patients with and without SOD1 mutations.

Mutations in superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) are a cause of hereditary amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) through a gain-of-function mechanism involving unfolded mutant SOD1. Intrathecal gene therapy using the antisense-oligo-nucleotide drug tofersen to reduce SOD1 expression delays disease progression and has recently been approved in the United States and the European Union. However, the discovery of children homozygous for inactivating SOD1 mutations developing the SOD1 Deficiency Syndrome (ISODDES) with injury to the motor system suggests that a too low SOD1 antioxidant activity may be deleterious in humans.

Using Nomograms Wisely: Predicting Sentinel Node Positivity in Melanoma.

Background: Four externally validated sentinel node biopsy (SNB) prediction nomograms exist for malignant melanoma that each incorporate different clinical and histopathologic variables, which can result in substantially different risk estimations for the same patient. We demonstrate this variability by using hypothetical melanoma cases.

Methods: We compared the MSKCC and MIA calculators.

Factors Affecting Complete Oral Rehabilitation in Patients With Vascularized Free Fibula Flap Mandibular Reconstruction: A 10-Year Retrospective Study.

The fibula is the preferred bone flap for mandibular reconstructions due to its many advantages, including the possibility to insert dental implants. All patients who received a mandibular reconstruction with a vascularized free fibula flap at the Uppsala University Hospital between 2009 and 2019 were retrospectively examined regarding the proportion of implant insertion and factors that affected implant outcome. Forty-one patients had 42 fibula flap reconstructions.

Novel Therapeutic Platform of Micelles and Nanogels from Dopa-Functionalized Triblock Copolymers.

Multi-drug delivery systems constructed from a basic polymeric scaffold, and which have the ability to target a variety of biomedical applications, can streamline the development of nanomedicine to provide both environmental and economical relief. Herein, amphiphilic ABA-triblock copolymers are synthesized and assembled sequentially into micelles and nanogels as drug delivery systems following a thorough evaluation on advanced in vitro models to explore their potential for the treatment of cancer and bacterial infections. Short blocks of 5-methyl-5-allyloxycarbonyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one (MAC) are oligomerized from PEG6k and thereafter functionalized with dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa)-functional thiols using thiol-ene coupling (TEC) click chemistry.

Sibship and dispensing patterns of asthma medication in young children-a population-based study.

Purpose: Our aim was to study the association between sibship and dispensing patterns of asthma medication in young children, focusing on incidence and persistence, and taking sibship status, asthma diagnoses, and siblings' medication into account.

Methods: A register-based cohort study including all children (n = 50 546) born in Stockholm, Sweden 2006 to 2007, followed up during 2006 to 2014. Exposure was sibling status; outcome was incidence of dispensed asthma medication and persistence over time.

Eliminated patient fee and changes in dispensing patterns of asthma medication in children-An interrupted time series analysis.

In 2016, all prescription drugs included in the reimbursement system in Sweden were made available for children (age 0-17 years) without any patient fees. Our aim was to estimate the association between this intervention and the dispensing patterns of asthma medications among children. Dispensing data on asthma medications for all children living in Stockholm County during 2014-2017 were selected to include two years before (January 2014-December 2015) and after (January 2016-December 2017) the intervention.

Medicine use and disease control among adolescents with asthma.

Purpose: Pharmacological treatment is a cornerstone in asthma management, but there is limited evidence on how adolescents use their medication and to what extent their asthma is under control. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare self-reported and register-based medicine use in asthmatic adolescents. Furthermore, we investigated the association between medicine use, patient characteristics, and degree of asthma control.

Effect of radiotherapy on expression of hyaluronan and EGFR and presence of mast cells in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is a common form of cancer, and despite improvements in treatment during the last decades, survival rates have not significantly increased. There is therefore a need to better understand how these tumours and the adjacent tissues react to radiotherapy, the most common type of treatment for this group of tumours. In order to improve this understanding, the expression of hyaluronan (HA) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the presence of mast cells were mapped before and after radiotherapy using immunohistochemistry.

Adherence to guidelines for drug treatment of asthma in children: potential for improvement in Swedish primary care.

Background: Adherence to guidelines in general is poor. Because asthma is the most common chronic disease in Swedish children, identifying areas for improvement regarding drug treatment for asthma is crucial.

Aim: To explore the utilisation patterns of anti-asthmatic drugs in children with asthma in relation to evidence-based guidelines.

Caenorhabditis elegans numb inhibits endocytic recycling by binding TAT-1 aminophospholipid translocase.

Numb regulates endocytosis in many metazoans, but the mechanism by which it functions is not completely understood. Here we report that the Caenorhabditis elegans Numb ortholog, NUM-1A, a regulator of endocytic recycling, binds the C isoform of transbilayer amphipath transporter-1 (TAT-1), a P4 family adenosine triphosphatase and putative aminophospholipid translocase that is required for proper endocytic trafficking. We demonstrate that TAT-1 is differentially spliced during development and that TAT-1C-specific splicing occurs in the intestine where NUM-1A is known to function.

Regional variation and adherence to guidelines for drug treatment of asthma.

Aims: To describe the utilization of antiasthmatic drugs in Sweden and to explore regional variations in drug utilization and adherence to guidelines for rational drug prescribing of antiasthmatics and their rationale.

Methods: Data on antiasthmatic drugs dispensed between July 2005 and December 2008 to all Swedish citizens aged between 18 and 44 years were obtained from the Swedish National Prescribed Drug Register. The period prevalence was determined by analyzing the number of users/1000 inhabitants, and the incidence by analyzing the number of new users after an 18-month drug-free wash-out period.

The influence of structured information and monitoring on the outcome of asthma treatment in primary care: a cluster randomized study.

Background: In clinical trials of asthma, the outcomes are often good, but when the same treatment regimens are implemented in primary care, equally good results are not obtained.

Objective: To investigate if addition of structured patient information and monitoring by an asthma diary in primary care improves asthma control.

Methods: 141 patients from 19 primary care centres were studied.

Validation of the clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ) in primary care.

Background: Patient centred outcomes, such as health status, are important in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Extensive questionnaires on health status have good measurement properties, but are not suitable for use in primary care. The newly developed, short Clinical COPD Questionnaire, CCQ, was therefore validated against the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ).

Modified Ritgen's maneuver for anal sphincter injury at delivery: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To investigate whether Ritgen's maneuver decreases the risk of third- to fourth-degree perineal tears compared with simple perineal support.

Methods: A total of 1,623 nulliparous women in term labor, singleton pregnancy, and cephalic presentation were randomly assigned to Ritgen's maneuver or standard care. Ritgen's maneuver denotes extracting the fetal head, using one hand to pull the fetal chin from between the maternal anus and the coccyx, and the other on the fetal occiput to control speed of delivery.

Differential pattern of human blood neutrophil activation after stimulation with organic dust in vitro and in vivo.

Objective: To study activation of blood neutrophils in subjects after in vitro and in vivo stimulation.

Methods: Blood from healthy volunteers was collected before and after their exposure to organic dust in a pig farm. Surface markers of neutrophil activation were analyzed by flow cytometry.

The relationship between pharmaceutical costs, disease severity, and health-related quality of life in asthmatics in Swedish primary care.

The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between variables that may influence pharmaceutical costs in asthma and to generate a predictive model for these costs in primary health care. The understanding of these relationships is important since costs of drugs may place unnecessary economic burden on patients and society. During 2003, prospective clinical data were collected from 105 patients in 24 primary health care centers located in Stockholm.

A low carbohydrate diet in type 1 diabetes: clinical experience--a brief report.

Due to failure to achieve control twenty-two patients with type 1 diabetes with symptomatic fluctuating blood glucose started on a diet limited to 70-90 g carbohydrates per day and were taught to match the insulin doses accordingly. The caloric requirements were covered by an increased intake of protein and fat. The purpose was to reduce the blood glucose fluctuations, the rate of hypoglycaemia and to improve HbA1c.

Lasting improvement of hyperglycaemia and bodyweight: low-carbohydrate diet in type 2 diabetes. A brief report.

In two groups of obese patients with type 2 diabetes the effects of 2 different diet compositions were tested with regard to glycaemic control and bodyweight. A group of 16 obese patients with type 2 diabetes was advised on a low-carbohydrate diet, 1800 kcal for men and 1600 kcal for women, distributed as 20% carbohydrates, 30% protein and 50% fat. Fifteen obese diabetes patients on a high-carbohydrate diet were control group.

Lasting improvement of hyperglycaemia and bodyweight: low-carbohydrate diet in type 2 diabetes--a brief report.

Unlabelled: In two groups of obese patients with type 2 diabetes the effects of 2 different diet compositions were tested with regard to glycaemic control and bodyweight. A group of 16 obese patients with type 2 diabetes was advised on a low-carbohydrate diet, 1800 kcal for men and 1600 kcal for women, distributed as 20 % carbohydrates, 30 % protein and 50 % fat. Fifteen obese diabetes patients on a high-carbohydrate diet were control group.