High prognostic specificity of antisocial personality disorder in patients with drug dependence: results from a five-year follow-up.

A sample of 125 consecutive patients from a Swedish detoxification unit were followed up at five years. Register data on criminal behavior were retrieved for 99% of all subjects, including those who were deceased at follow-up, and 76% of living subjects were interviewed. A diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) at intake was associated with incarceration, continuous drug use, dependence on welfare support, and fulfilling criteria of adult ASPD at follow-up.