Decreased mitochondrial-related gene expression in adipose tissue after acute sprint exercise in humans: A pilot study.

The aim was to examine the acute effects of sprint exercise (SIT) on global gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) in healthy subjects, to enhance understanding of how SIT influences body weight regulation. The hypothesis was that SIT upregulates genes involved in mitochondrial function and fat metabolism. A total of 15 subjects performed three 30-s all-out sprints (SIT).

Enhanced interleukin-6 in human adipose tissue vein after sprint exercise: Results from a pilot study.

Background: Low-volume sprint exercise is likely to reduce body fat. Interleukin (IL-6) may mediate this by increasing adipose tissue (AT) lipolysis. Therefore, the exchange of AT IL-6 and glycerol, a marker of lipolysis, was examined in 10 healthy subjects performing three 30-s all-out sprints.

Fast and accurate identification by MALDI-TOF of the zoonotic serovar E of Vibrio vulnificus linked to eel culture.

Vibrio vulnificus is a zoonotic pathogen that can cause death by septicaemia in farmed fish (mainly eels) and humans. The zoonotic strains that have been isolated from diseased eels and humans after eel handling belong to clade E (or serovar E (SerE)), a clonal complex within the pathovar (pv.) piscis.

[Accuracy of lifestyle data from Global Burden of Disease].

Low physical activity is responsible for approximately 0,83 million deaths globally every year according to the Global Burden of Disease (GBD), whereas others have estimated that low physical activity is responsible for about 4-5 million deaths annually. The underlying evidence for the GBD estimate is debatable. It is based on a substantially lower maximal risk reduction with a relative risk of about 10 % compared with a maximal relative risk reduction of more than 30 % in the recent WHO global physical activity recommendations.

[Recommendations on physical activity and sedentary behaviour].

Recommendations on physical activity and sedentary behaviour for improved health have been prepared by Professional Associations for Physical Activity (YFA) and approved by the Swedish Society of Medicine. All adults should do aerobic physical activity 150-300 minutes at moderate or 75-150 minutes at high intensity, or combined, at a weekly basis. For additional health benefits, muscle-strengthening activity should be performed on at least 2 days a week, and sedentary time should be limited and replaced by physical activity.

Metabolic and morphological profile in skeletal muscle of healthy boys and girls.

It was hypothesized that the typical adult pattern of higher glycolytic capacity in skeletal muscle of males compared to females is not observed in children and that fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) is a determinant of glycolytic capacity in children. Biopsies were performed in vastus lateralis in 9-12 years-old healthy boys and girls (N = 27). Fiber types were classified by myofibrillar ATPase staining and CSA was measured using planimetry.

Non-lethal sampling for the detection of Renibacterium salmoninarum by qPCR for diagnosis of bacterial kidney disease.

Bacterial kidney disease (BKD), caused by Renibacterium salmoninarum (Rs), can be transmitted both horizontally and vertically and there is no available cure or prophylaxis. The control of BKD requires continuous surveillance, which is challenging in aquaculture as well as in programs for conservation and restoration of salmonid fish strains. BKD is a notifiable disease in Sweden and is monitored through the mandatory health control program using a polyclonal ELISA for detection of the Rs p57 protein in kidney.

Assessing the presence and spread of Renibacterium salmoninarum between farmed and wild fish in Sweden.

Bacterial kidney disease (BKD) can be a devastating bacterial infection in salmonids, and it is present in aquaculture throughout the world. BKD is caused by the Gram-positive facultative intracellular bacterium Renibacterium salmoninarum (R. salmoninarum) that is spread both horizontally and vertically.

Muscle fiber size in healthy children and adults in relation to sex and fiber types.

Background: In adult males, cross-sectional area (CSA) for type II muscle fibers is generally larger than for type I fibers. In this cross-sectional study the aim was to compare sex-related CSAs of various muscle fiber types during childhood-to-adulthood transition.

Methods: Percutaneous biopsy samples were obtained from vastus lateralis in 10-y-old children (10 males and 5 females) and in young adults (9 males and 7 females).

Aerobic exercise capacity is maintained over a 5-year period in mild-to-moderate chronic kidney disease: a longitudinal study.

Background: Aerobic exercise capacity is reduced in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the magnitude of changes in exercise capacity over time is less known. Our main hypothesis was that aerobic ExCap would decline over 5 years in individuals with mild-to-moderate CKD along with a decline in renal function. A secondary hypothesis was that such a decline in ExCap would be associated with a decline in muscle strength, cardiovascular function and physical activity.

Acute sprint exercise transcriptome in human skeletal muscle.

Aim: To examine global gene expression response to profound metabolic and hormonal stress induced by acute sprint exercise.

Methods: Healthy men and women (n = 14) performed three all-out cycle sprints interspersed by 20 min recovery. Muscle biopsies were obtained before the first, and 2h and 20 min after last sprint.

Gradual reduction in exercise capacity in chronic kidney disease is associated with systemic oxygen delivery factors.

Background: The cause of reduced exercise capacity (ExCap) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is multifactorial. The aim of this study was to investigate determinants of aerobic ExCap in patients with mild to severe CKD not undergoing dialysis.

Methods: We included 52 individuals with CKD stage 2-3, 47 with stage 4-5, and 54 healthy controls.

Genome analysis provides insights into the epidemiology of infection with Flavobacterium psychrophilum among farmed salmonid fish in Sweden.

The pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum is a major problem for the expanding salmonid fish farming industry in Sweden as well as worldwide. A better understanding of the phylogeography and infection routes of F. psychrophilum outbreaks could help to improve aquaculture profitability and the welfare of farmed fish while reducing the need for antibiotics.

Influence of nutrient ingestion on amino acid transporters and protein synthesis in human skeletal muscle after sprint exercise.

Nutrient ingestion is known to increase the exercise-induced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis following resistance exercise. Less is known about the effect of nutrients on muscle protein synthesis following sprint exercise. At two occasions separated by 1 mo, 12 healthy subjects performed three 30-s sprints with 20-min rest between bouts.

Exercise-induced upregulation of endothelial adhesion molecules in human skeletal muscle and number of circulating cells with remodeling properties.

Multipotent cells have received great interest because of their potential capacity to repair and remodel peripheral tissues. We examined the effect of an acute exercise bout on the number of circulating cells with known remodeling properties and the level of factors in plasma and skeletal muscle tissue with potential to recruit these cells. Twenty healthy male subjects performed a 60-min cycling exercise.

[Physical activity--new paths and choices in the recommendations for adults].

Recommendations for physical activity have been prepared by Professional Associations for Physical Activity and approved by the Swedish Society of Medicine in 2011. All adults are recommended regular aerobic and muscle strengthening physical activity. Lowest recommended dose (intensity x time) of aerobic physical activity is 150 minutes at moderate or 75 minutes at high intensity per week.

Criterion validation of two submaximal aerobic fitness tests, the self-monitoring Fox-walk test and the Åstrand cycle test in people with rheumatoid arthritis.

Background: Aerobic capacity tests are important to evaluate exercise programs and to encourage individuals to have a physically active lifestyle. Submaximal tests, if proven valid and reliable could be used for estimation of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). The purpose of the study was to examine the criterion-validity of the submaximal self-monitoring Fox-walk test and the submaximal Åstrand cycle test against a maximal cycle test in people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

ACTN3 genotype and modulation of skeletal muscle response to exercise in human subjects.

α-Actinin-3 is a Z-disc protein expressed only in type II muscle fibers. A polymorphism in the ACTN3 gene (R577X) results in lack of α-actinin-3 in XX genotype. The prevalence of the mutated X-allele is lower among power/sprint oriented athletes compared with controls, indicating that the lack of α-actinin-3 is detrimental in these sports, but a mechanistic link has not been established.

[Early team assessment relieves the emergency department].

A model for physician-led team triage was evaluated at the Emergency Department at the University hospital of Örebro, Sweden. Data from 1600 patients indicate that this work model reduces length of stay, time to physician assessment, emergency department occupancy, rate of admission and the proportion of patients in need of close monitoring. The project was conducted without any change in the number of physicians, nurses or staff nurses working in the Emergency Department.

Multilocus sequence typing identifies epidemic clones of Flavobacterium psychrophilum in Nordic countries.

Flavobacterium psychrophilum is the causative agent of bacterial cold water disease (BCWD), which affects a variety of freshwater-reared salmonid species. A large-scale study was performed to investigate the genetic diversity of F. psychrophilum in the four Nordic countries: Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden.

Nutrient ingestion increased mTOR signaling, but not hVps34 activity in human skeletal muscle after sprint exercise.

Nutrient provision after sprint exercise enhances mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. One suggested that nutrient sensor is the class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, vacuolar protein sorting 34 (Vps34), not previously studied in human skeletal muscle. It is hypothesized that oral ingestion of essential amino acids (EAA) and carbohydrates (Carb) increases Vps34 activity and mTOR signaling in human skeletal (hVps34) muscle after sprint exercise.

Adenosine in cold blood cardioplegia--a placebo-controlled study.

OBJECTIVE Adenosine as an additive in blood cardioplegia is cardioprotective in animal studies, but its clinical role in myocardial protection remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the addition of adenosine in continuous cold blood cardioplegia would enhance myocardial protection. METHODS In a prospective double-blind study comparing adenosine 400 μmol l(-1) to placebo in continuous cold blood cardioplegia, 80 patients undergoing isolated aortic valve replacement were randomized into four groups: antegrade cardioplegia with adenosine (n = 19), antegrade cardioplegia with placebo (n = 21), retrograde cardioplegia with adenosine (n = 21) and retrograde cardioplegia with placebo (n = 19).