Single-shot dynamics of spin-orbit torque and spin transfer torque switching in three-terminal magnetic tunnel junctions.

Current-induced spin-transfer torques (STT) and spin-orbit torques (SOT) enable the electrical switching of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) in non-volatile magnetic random access memories. To develop faster memory devices, an improvement in the timescales that underlie the current-driven magnetization dynamics is required. Here we report all-electrical time-resolved measurements of magnetization reversal driven by SOT in a three-terminal MTJ device.

Spatially and time-resolved magnetization dynamics driven by spin-orbit torques.

Current-induced spin-orbit torques are one of the most effective ways to manipulate the magnetization in spintronic devices, and hold promise for fast switching applications in non-volatile memory and logic units. Here, we report the direct observation of spin-orbit-torque-driven magnetization dynamics in Pt/Co/AlO dots during current pulse injection. Time-resolved X-ray images with 25 nm spatial and 100 ps temporal resolution reveal that switching is achieved within the duration of a subnanosecond current pulse by the fast nucleation of an inverted domain at the edge of the dot and propagation of a tilted domain wall across the dot.

Efficacy, tolerability and safety of a new medical device, Monurelle Biogel(®) vaginal gel, in the treatment of vaginal dryness: a randomized clinical trial in women of reproductive age.

Objective: To prove the efficacy, tolerability and safety of Monurelle Biogel(®) (ZP-025) vaginal gel, which contains a purified, dialyzed, lyophilized bovine colostrum, in women of reproductive age suffering from vaginal dryness.

Design: Randomized clinical trial (RCT) (Z7213M01).

Setting: Five University Gynaecological Units.

Self-Injection Locking of a Vortex Spin Torque Oscillator by Delayed Feedback.

The self-synchronization of spin torque oscillators is investigated experimentally by re-injecting its radiofrequency (rf) current after a certain delay time. We demonstrate that the integrated power and spectral linewidth are improved for optimal delays. Moreover by varying the phase difference between the emitted power and the re-injected one, we find a clear oscillatory dependence on the phase difference with a 2π periodicity of the frequency of the oscillator as well as its power and linewidth.

Endometrial evaluation with transvaginal ultrasound during hormone therapy: a prospective multicenter study.

Objective: To assess the value of endometrial thickness as a marker of endometrial abnormality risk during hormone therapy (HT) and to study the correlation between abnormal bleeding and abnormal endometrial histology in patients with thick endometrium.

Design: Prospective multicenter study.

Setting: University and general hospitals outpatient centers.

The effects of mediolateral episiotomy on pelvic floor function after vaginal delivery.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of mediolateral episiotomy on puerperal pelvic floor strength and dysfunction (urinary and anal incontinence, genital prolapse).

Methods: Five hundred nineteen primiparous women were enrolled 3 months after vaginal delivery. Puerperae were divided in 2 groups: group A (254 women) comprised the women who received mediolateral episiotomy and group B (265 women) the women with intact perineum and first- and second-degree spontaneous perineal lacerations.

The treatment of Sjögren's syndrome with tibolone: a case report.

We report the successful treatment with tibolone of a postmenopausal woman affected by primary Sjögren's syndrome. One year after the beginning of treatment, the woman does not need artificial tears and vaginal lubricants. This is the first report of an effective pharmacologic treatment for primary Sjögren's syndrome in humans.

Assessment of pelvic floor muscle function after vaginal delivery. Clinical value of different tests.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of different tests in identifying pelvic floor dysfunction after vaginal delivery.

Study Design: One hundred ninety-seven primiparae were investigated 2 months after vaginal delivery. They underwent pelvic floor muscle assessment by digital test, vaginal manometry and uroflowmetric stop test.

Effects of epidural analgesia during labor on pelvic floor function after vaginal delivery.

Background: Aims of this study were to determine the rate of symptoms related to perineal trauma (anal and stress urinary incontinence) and to assess pelvic floor muscle function in women who underwent epidural analgesia.

Methods: Comparative design comprising 70 matched pairs of primiparous mothers. Each woman was questioned about urogynecologic symptoms and examined by digital test, vaginal perineometry and uroflowmetric stop test score 3 months after vaginal delivery.

Visual function in menopause: the role of hormone replacement therapy.

Objective: To assess the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on visual function after menopause.

Design: This study was conducted on 80 postmenopausal women aged 52 to 70 years. Women were randomly divided into two groups: 40 women were treated by oral HRT (equine conjugated estrogens 0.

Perineal evaluation in the puerperium. Role of testing with a cotton-tipped swab.

Objective: To verify the applicability and significance of testing with a cotton-tipped swab in postpartum evaluation.

Study Design: One hundred seventy-eight puerperas were examined two months after vaginal delivery and underwent testing with a cotton-tipped swab, digital test, vaginal manometry and uroflowmetric urine stream interruption test. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t test to evaluate the difference between mean values of continent and incontinent puerperas and the Bravais-Pearson coefficient to test the correlation between all the tests used in the study.

Perineal ultrasound evaluation of urethral angle and bladder neck mobility in women with stress urinary incontinence.

Objectives: 1. To assess the reproducibility of an electronic ultrasonographic technique for the measurement of urethral angulation; 2. to test the ability of measurement of the urethral angle and bladder neck mobility to predict genuine stress incontinence; 3.

Postpartum urinary symptoms: prevalence and risk factors.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of urinary symptoms, the relationship between urinary symptoms and vaginal descent, and the association between urinary symptoms and obstetric factors.

Study Design: Five hundred and thirty-seven women were interviewed and underwent a urogynaecological evaluation 3 months after vaginal delivery. Quantitative-type variables were subjected to Student's t test.

Immediate postpartum perineal examination as a predictor of puerperal pelvic floor dysfunction.

Objective: To determine the relation between postpartum perineal trauma and the development of puerperal pelvic floor dysfunctions.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 218 primiparae immediately after vaginal delivery. Women were divided in three groups according to perineal trauma: group A (n = 171) intact perineum or superficial tear, group B (n = 39) perineal muscle tears, group C (n = 8) anal sphincter tears with or without disruption of the rectal mucosa.