A new mixed reality tool for training in minimally invasive robotic-assisted surgery.

Robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) is developing an increasing role in surgical practice. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance to introduce this paradigm into surgical training programs. However, the steep learning curve of RAS remains a problem that hinders the development and widespread use of this surgical paradigm.

Effects of remote ischemic postconditioning on HIF-1α and other markers in on-pump cardiac surgery.

Background: There is a lack of data about the effects of remote ischemic postconditioning (RIPostC) on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) plasma levels after on-pump cardiac surgery (OPCS). This study aimed to measure the effects of RIPostC on postoperative HIF-1α plasma levels, cardiac markers and arterial oxygenation in patients undergoing OPCS.

Methods: This single-centre randomized, double blind, controlled trial, enrolled 70 patients (35 control and 35 RIPostC).

Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Decreases Oxidative Lung Damage After Pulmonary Lobectomy: A Single-Center Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial.

Background: During lobectomy in patients with lung cancer, the operated lung is often collapsed and hypoperfused. Ischemia/reperfusion injury may then occur when the lung is re-expanded. We hypothesized that remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) would decrease oxidative lung damage and improve gas exchange in the postoperative period.

Analysis of the prognostic role of an immune checkpoint score in resected non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Tumors develop mechanisms to recruit tolerogenic immune cells and to induce the expression of molecules that act as immune checkpoints. This regulation of the immune microenvironment favors immune tolerance to the neoplastic cells. In this study, we have investigated the prognostic role of immune-checkpoint expression markers in a cohort of resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

Glutathione oxidation correlates with one-lung ventilation time and PO2/FiO2 ratio during pulmonary lobectomy.

Objectives: During lung lobectomy, the operated lung completely collapses with simultaneous hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, followed by expansion and reperfusion. Here, we investigated glutathione oxidation and lipoperoxidation in patients undergoing lung lobectomy, during one-lung ventilation (OLV) and after resuming two-lung ventilation (TLV), and examined the relationship with OLV duration.

Methods: We performed a single-centre, observational, prospective study in 32 patients undergoing lung lobectomy.

Oxidative lung injury correlates with one-lung ventilation time during pulmonary lobectomy: a study of exhaled breath condensate and blood.

Objectives: During lung lobectomy, the operated lung is collapsed and hypoperfused; oxygen deprivation is accompanied by reactive hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. After lung lobectomy, ischaemia present in the collapsed state is followed by expansion-reperfusion and lung injury attributed to the production of reactive oxygen species. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the time course of several markers of oxidative stress simultaneously in exhaled breath condensate and blood and to determine the relationship between oxidative stress and one-lung ventilation time in patients undergoing lung lobectomy.

Oxidative stress injury after on-pump cardiac surgery: effects of aortic cross clamp time and type of surgery.

Background: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in on-pump cardiac surgery can have harmful systemic effects, triggered in part by radical oxygen species (ROS) produced by ischemia-reperfusion in the heart and the lung. We determined the relationship between levels of oxidative stress markers (8-isoprostane and nitrites/nitrates) in plasma with aortic cross clamp duration in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB.

Methods: Thirty patients with CPB were studied: 14 with coronary artery bypass graft surgery and 16 with valve surgery.