Hypopituitarism after traumatic brain injury in adults: Clinical guidelines of the neuroendocrinology area of the Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition (SEEN).

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with hypopituitarism with a variable incidence, depending on the time and methods used to diagnosis, and on factors related to the trauma, such as its severity, its anatomical location and the drugs used in the acute phase. The pituitary gland can be damaged directly by the impact or secondary to factors such as ischemia, inflammation, excitotoxicity or immunity. In acute phases ACTH deficiency is the most relevant, since failure to detect and treat it can compromise the patient's life.

GALIPDIA study: Reaching lipid targets in a population with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) from the Northwest of Spain.

Aim: To assess the degree of compliance with the European ESC/EAS 2016 and 2019 dyslipidaemia guidelines in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: Multicentre retrospective cross-sectional study, conducted in 380 adults with T2DM and dyslipidaemia in 7 Spanish health areas.

Inclusion Criteria: minimum follow-up of one year in Endocrinology Units, at least one visit in 2020 and a lipid profile measurement in the last 3 months.

Unmasking a new prognostic marker and therapeutic target from the GDNF-RET/PIT1/p14ARF/p53 pathway in acromegaly.

Background: Acromegaly is produced by excess growth hormone secreted by a pituitary adenoma of somatotroph cells (ACRO). First-line therapy, surgery and adjuvant therapy with somatostatin analogs, fails in 25% of patients. There is no predictive factor of resistance to therapy.

Hypopituitarism after traumatic brain injury.

The prevalence of hypopituitarism after traumatic brain (TBI) injury is widely variable in the literature; a meta-analysis determined a pooled prevalence of anterior hypopituitarism of 27.5%. Growth hormone deficiency is the most prevalent hormone insufficiency after TBI; however, the prevalence of each type of pituitary deficiency is influenced by the assays used for diagnosis, severity of head trauma, and time of evaluation.

High-risk human papillomavirus in Galicia, Spain: prevalence and evaluation of the sample representativeness.

Background: The prevalence of high-risk genotypes of the human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) in Galicia remained unknown before the introduction of the HPV vaccine. The objective of this study was to estimate this prevalence in non-vaccinated women when vaccination against HR-HPV started. Sample representativeness was also evaluated.

Consensus document of the Neuroendocrinology area of the Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition on management of hypopituitarism during transition.

The transition period from child to adult represents a crucial phase in the growth process where multiple physical and psychosocial changes occur. It has been arbitrarily defined as the period extending from late puberty to full adult maturity (i.e.

Subclinical hypopituitarism.

The presence of subclinical or minor pituitary hormone deficiencies could be recognised in clinical practice and might represent intermediate situations among normal pituitary hormone secretion and clinical hypopituitarism. However, this entity has not been correctly identified and associated clinical impairment and even more, long-term consequences regarding to morbidity and mortality, strongly related to clinical hypopituitarism, has not been correctly settled. Furthermore, best test or methods for diagnosis and the cut off to define these intermediate situates are also unknown.

Pituitary stalk dysgenesis-induced hypopituitarism in adult patients: prevalence, evolution of hormone dysfunction and genetic analysis.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of pituitary stalk dysgenesis (PSD) in adult hypopituitary patients by describing the chronology of hormone deficiencies and their potential correlation with traumatic delivery, mutations in genes required for pituitary development and function and pituitary stalk visibility on MRI.

Design: Retrospective and prospective study involving 231 hypopituitary patients, including 26 diagnosed with PSD. Clinical, biochemical and radiological studies were reviewed.

Hypopituitarism following traumatic brain injury: determining factors for diagnosis.

Neuroendocrine dysfunction, long recognized as a consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI), is a major cause of disability that includes physical and psychological involvement with long-term cognitive, behavioral, and social changes. There is no standard procedure regarding at what time after trauma the diagnosis should be made. Also there is uncertainty on defining the best methods for diagnosis and testing and what types of patients should be selected for screening.

Pegvisomant-induced liver injury is related to the UGT1A1*28 polymorphism of Gilbert's syndrome.

Context: Pegvisomant (PEG) therapy has been associated with drug-induced liver dysfunction in acromegalic patients. The mechanism of its toxicity remains unknown.

Objective: The primary objective was to determine whether or not the UGT1A1*28 polymorphism associated with Gilbert's syndrome influences the development of liver dysfunction during PEG treatment.

The exon 3-deleted growth hormone receptor is associated with better response to pegvisomant therapy in acromegaly.

Context: The deletion of exon 3 in the GH receptor (GHR) has been associated with a different biochemical picture and response to therapy in acromegaly.

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine whether or not the GHR genotype influences the efficacy of pegvisomant treatment.

Design And Setting: A cross-sectional study was conducted in six Spanish university hospitals.

Severe hypertension and hypokalemia as first clinical manifestations in ectopic Cushing's syndrome.

Ectopic ACTH production occurs in about 10% of all cases of Cushing's syndrome, and about 25% of cases of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. Diverse tumor types are able to produce ACTH ectopically, including small cell lung carcinoma. Ectopic ACTH secretion by malignant neoplasm has been reported to have earlier and more aggressive metabolic effects.

The pituitary-adrenal axis and body composition.

The activity of the pituitary-adrenal axis can profoundly impact on body composition. This is dramatically seen in Cushing's syndrome (CS) but changes in body composition are also implicated in depression and alcoholic pseudocushing's. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these changes remain poorly understood.

Unilateral adrenal incidentaloma as a presentation of adrenal tuberculosis.

Adrenal incidentalomas are adrenal masses detected during radiologic examination performed for an indication otherthan evaluation of adrenal disease. Diagnosis of these masses has increased due to the widespread use of ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging. We report the case of a 69-year-old woman with a left adrenal incidentaloma simulating a non-functioning adenoma and right adrenal atrophy.