Publications by authors named "Eva Emanuel"
Article Synopsis
- Crack use is notably higher in the UK compared to other European countries, particularly among people who inject drugs (PWID), with a significant increase in crack injection reported from 2011 to 2021.
- The study found that crack injection is more common among males and is often done alongside heroin, with behaviors like sharing needles and injecting in the groin increasing risks for blood-borne viruses and infections.
- The findings highlight the urgent need for harm reduction strategies and drug treatment programs to address the rising prevalence of crack injection and its associated health risks.
Background: Measuring the incidence of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among people who inject drugs (PWID) is key to track progress towards elimination. We aimed to summarise global data on HIV and primary HCV incidence among PWID and associations with age and sex or gender.
Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we updated an existing database of HIV and HCV incidence studies among PWID by searching MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO, capturing studies published between Jan 1, 2000, and Dec 12, 2022, with no language or study design restrictions.
Background: Bacterial infections cause substantial pain and disability among people who inject drugs. We described time trends in hospital admissions for injecting-related infections in England.
Methods: We analyzed hospital admissions in England between January 2002 and December 2021.
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission in the UK is driven by injecting drug use. We explore HCV testing uptake amongst people who inject drugs (PWID) in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and identify factors associated with i) ever having an HCV test amongst people who have ever injected drugs, and ii) recently having an HCV test (within the current or previous year) amongst people who currently inject drugs (reported injecting drugs within the last year).
Methods: We analysed data from the 2019 'Unlinked Anonymous Monitoring Survey' of PWID, using logistic regression.
Background And Aims: Mortality and drug treatment data suggest that the median age of people who inject drugs is increasing. We aimed to describe changes in the characteristics of people injecting drugs in the United Kingdom (UK).
Design: Repeat cross-sectional surveys and modelling.
Article Synopsis
- - The study analyzes the trends and epidemiology of HIV among people who inject drugs in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland from 1981-2019, indicating a low prevalence of HIV in this group despite some fluctuations over the years.
- - From 1987 to 2019, HIV diagnoses among injectors decreased significantly, but late diagnosis remained a concern, with over half diagnosed late in recent years; however, treatment uptake is high among those engaged in care.
- - The report emphasizes the importance of harm reduction programs in containing the HIV epidemic within this population, while noting that risky behaviors, like needle sharing, pose ongoing risks and the potential for future outbreaks.
Article Synopsis
- Fixed low dead space syringes (LDSS) retain less blood post-injection than detachable needle syringes, but their impact on reducing blood-borne virus transmission is not well-studied.
- A study using UK data from 2016 to 2019 involved 1,429 people who inject drugs (PWID) to investigate the association between syringe type and hepatitis C virus infection.
- Results showed that always using fixed LDSS was linked to a 76% lower likelihood of recent hepatitis C virus infection among antibody-negative PWID compared to those using detachable needle syringes.
Background: In 2019-2020, record-high numbers of overdoses have been reported across the UK. We estimated perceived availability to and carriage of naloxone and explored factors associated with carriage among people who inject drugs (PWID) engaged with services in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland.
Methods: Participants were PWID enrolled in the Unlinked Anonymous Monitoring Survey in 2019 who reported past-year injection drug use (n = 2,139).