Inhibition of WNT/β-catenin signalling during sex-specific gonadal differentiation is essential for normal human fetal testis development.

Sex-specific gonadal differentiation is directed by complex signalling promoting development in either male or female direction, while simultaneously inhibiting the opposite pathway. In mice, the WNT/β-catenin pathway promotes ovarian development and the importance of actively inhibiting this pathway to ensure normal testis development has been recognised. However, the implications of alterations in the tightly regulated WNT/β-catenin signalling during human fetal gonad development has not yet been examined in detail.

Perimenopausal abnormal uterine bleeding.

Abnormal uterine bleeding is a frequent symptom in the perimenopause. Causes are numerous, ranging from physiological reactions due to decreasing/unstable ovarian function to premalignant and malignant conditions. Benign findings such as endometrial polyps and myomas increase with age, leading to more abnormal uterine bleeding in the perimenopause.

Dexamethasone affects human fetal adrenal steroidogenesis and subsequent ACTH response in an culture model.

Introduction: Administration of dexamethasone (DEX) has been used experimentally to suppress androgenization of external genitalia in 46,XX fetuses with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Despite this, the prenatal biological mechanism-of-action of DEX on fetal development is not known. This study aimed to examine direct effects of DEX on human fetal adrenal (HFA) steroidogenic activity including possible effects on the subsequent response to ACTH-stimulation.

Identification of a window of androgen sensitivity for somatic cell function in human fetal testis cultured ex vivo.

Background: Reduced androgen action during early fetal development has been suggested as the origin of reproductive disorders comprised within the testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS). This hypothesis has been supported by studies in rats demonstrating that normal male development and adult reproductive function depend on sufficient androgen exposure during a sensitive fetal period, called the masculinization programming window (MPW). The main aim of this study was therefore to examine the effects of manipulating androgen production during different timepoints during early human fetal testis development to identify the existence and timing of a possible window of androgen sensitivity resembling the MPW in rats.

Reduced Complications Following Implementation of Laparoscopic Hysterectomy: A Danish Population-based Cohort Study of Minimally Invasive Benign Gynecologic Surgery between 2004 and 2018.

Study Objective: To monitor and report nationwide changes in the rates of and complications after different methods for benign hysterectomy, operative hysteroscopy, myomectomy, and embolization in Denmark. To report the national mortality after benign hysterectomy DESIGN: National prospective, observational cohort study.

Setting: The Danish Hysterectomy and Hysteroscopy Database.

Asherman's syndrome: current perspectives on diagnosis and management.

Intrauterine adhesions with symptoms like hypomenorrhea or infertility are known under the term Asherman's syndrome. Although the syndrome has been widely investigated, evidence of both prevention of the syndrome and the ideal treatment are missing. Understanding the pathogenesis of intrauterine adherences is necessary for the prevention of the formation of intrauterine scarring.

Up or down? A randomized trial comparing image orientations during transvaginal ultrasound training.

Introduction: There is no international consensus on the orientation of transvaginal ultrasound images and no evidence exists to support the superiority of one image orientation over the other. The aim of this study was to compare learning curves and skills transfer in a group of novices randomized to top-down or bottom-up image orientation, and to determine whether individual preferences for image orientation affect learning and skills transfer.

Material And Methods: 60 senior medical students, with no prior ultrasound experience, were randomized to orient the image top-down or bottom-up during training on an ultrasound simulator until attaining expert levels of performance.

Müllerian duct anomalies diagnosed by saline contrast sonohysterography: prevalence in a general population.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of uterine müllerian duct anomalies in a general population.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: University hospital in collaboration with the Danish Civil Registry.

EMAS clinical guide: assessment of the endometrium in peri and postmenopausal women.

Introduction: Invasive as well as non-invasive methods are available for assessment of the endometrium.

Aims: The purpose of this clinical guide is to provide evidence-based advice on endometrial assessment in peri and postmenopausal women.

Material And Methods: Literature review and consensus of expert opinion.

Endometrial polyps and associated factors in Danish women aged 36-74 years.

Objective: To identify factors associated with endometrial polyps.

Study Design: Case-control study of 140 women with endometrial polyps and 367 controls. Information on potentially associated factors was obtained by a validated questionnaire.

Outcome of repeated hysteroscopic resection of the endometrium.

Study Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of repeated endometrial resection.

Design: Retrospective study (Canadian Task Force classification II-3).

Setting: University teaching hospital.

[Use of dipsticks and microscope in the diagnosis of hematuria in general practice].

Introduction: Haematuria is a serious symptom and is often detected by dipstick analysis. We examined the use of dipsticks in general practice.

Materials And Methods: An anonymous questionnaire was sent to all GPs in a county in Denmark in April 2000.