In most countries around the world, the total fertility rate (TFR) has been on a downward trend over recent decades. In the developed, and many less developed countries this has led to the TFR being consistently below the replacement level of 2.1 over the long term, leading to population decline in the absence of immigration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZ Gerontol Geriatr
February 2020
Background: As a response to population aging, reforms to increase the statutory retirement age and closing options for early retirement have been introduced in many European countries. This study analyzed the job satisfaction of employees in two countries with markedly different speeds of pension reforms. The German reform started in 1992 and abolished almost all options of early retirement.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSince the platform economies have emerged, there are many new ways how people can perform earning activities. These new opportunities concern older people too. However, some authors write that the actors of the platform economy are mainly younger people and it is not typical that older people work through platforms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF