[DIVERGesTOOL-development of a toolbox for the assessment of sex/gender diversity].

In health research, there is a need for comprehensive survey instruments capable of assessing the multidimensionality and variability of sex/gender. The research project DIVERGesTOOL was conducted in response to this need, which has become increasingly evident in recent years. The aim was to develop an application-oriented toolbox for the assessment of sex/gender diversity in quantitative health-related research in Germany.

Medicinal Use of Different Cannabis Strains: Results from a Large Prospective Survey in Germany.

Background: Up to now, it is unclear whether different medicinal (MC) strains are differently efficacious across different medical conditions. In this study, the effectiveness of different MC strains was compared depending on the disease to be treated.

Methods: This was an online survey conducted in Germany between June 2020 and August 2020.

The Impact of Sex and Gender in Medicine and Pharmacology.

Sex and gender play a pivotal role in health and disease. Differences can be identified in symptoms, biomarkers, lifetime experiences of diseases, incidence, prevalence, therapeutic options, health-related behavior, and resiliency. However, awareness of sex and gender differences in medicine is still limited.

Consideration of sex and gender in European clinical practice guidelines in internal medicine: a systematic review protocol.

Introduction: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are a powerful instrument to ensure evidence-based practice in clinical diagnostics and disease management. As knowledge about the impact of sex and gender on health and disease is emerging, the need for its transfer into clinical practice is becoming more urgent. However, a systematic evaluation of the incorporation of sex-related and gender-related knowledge into CPGs in Europe is currently not available.

History and development of sex- and gender sensitive medicine (SGSM).

Sex- and gender-sensitive medicine has evolved from a feminist approach into an innovative cross-cutting approach to doing medicine. In the present chapter we define what sex and gender are in the context of biomedical research and describe the history of the development of this scientific approach. Looking back at crucial events in the U.

Transcriptome characterization of estrogen-treated human myocardium identifies myosin regulatory light chain interacting protein as a sex-specific element influencing contractile function.

Objectives: This study investigated the effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) on gene regulation in human cardiac tissues. We hypothesized that a candidate E2 effect is cardiomyocyte (CM)- and sex-specific, conserved between humans and mice, and that E2 impairs contractile function in male CMs only.

Background: Both men and women produce E2 locally from androgenic precursors.

Sex-specific modification of progesterone receptor expression by 17β-oestradiol in human cardiac tissues.

Background: Although circulating levels of sexual hormones in elderly men and women are low and quite similar, the adaptation of the elderly heart to stress differs between the sexes. We have hypothesized that the effects of sexual hormones in the heart may differ in men and women. Here, we assessed whether 17β-oestradiol regulates gene expression in the human heart in a sex-dependent manner.

Regression of myocardial hypertrophy after aortic valve replacement: faster in women?

Background: In patients with aortic stenosis, pressure overload induces cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Female sex and estrogens influence cardiac remodeling and fibrosis in animal models and in men. Sex differences and their molecular mechanisms in hypertrophy regression after aortic valve replacement have not yet been studied.

Nuclear factor-kappaB regulates estrogen receptor-alpha transcription in the human heart.

Estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated effects have been associated with the modulation of myocardial hypertrophy in animal models and in humans, but the regulation of ER expression in the human heart has not yet been analyzed. In various cell lines and tissues, multiple human estrogen receptor alpha (hERalpha) mRNA isoforms are transcribed from distinct promoters and differ in their 5'-untranslated regions. Using PCR-based strategies, we show that in the human heart the ERalpha mRNA is transcribed from multiple promoters, namely, A, B, C, and F, of which the F-promoter is most frequently used variant.

Up-regulation of PPARgamma in myocardial infarction.

Background: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are key regulators for cardiac energy metabolism after myocardial injury. We hypothesized, that PPARs are regulated in myocardial infarction (MI) and their activity is modulated by angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs).

Methods: Following induction of MI, male rats were treated with placebo or the ARB irbesartan for three weeks.

Functional expression of HGF and HGF receptor/c-met in adult human mesenchymal stem cells suggests a role in cell mobilization, tissue repair, and wound healing.

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) are adult stem cells with multipotent capacities. The ability of mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into many cell types, as well as their high ex vivo expansion potential, makes these cells an attractive therapeutic tool for cell transplantation and tissue engineering. hMSC are thought to contribute to tissue regeneration, but the signals governing their mobilization, diapedesis into the bloodstream, and migration into the target tissue are largely unknown.