Raising a child bereaved by domestic homicide: caregivers' experiences.

Optimising support for children and families affected by fatal family violence requires understanding all aspects of their experience. So far, little is known regarding the views of those who provide a home to children bereaved due to parental intimate partner homicide. The aim of the current study was to provide an in-depth exploration of the experiences of caregivers raising children after the loss of a parent due to intimate partner homicide.

Are women really (not) more talkative than men? A registered report of binary gender similarities/differences in daily word use.

Women are widely assumed to be more talkative than men. Challenging this assumption, Mehl et al. (2007) provided empirical evidence that men and women do not differ significantly in their daily word use, speaking about 16,000 words per day (WPD) each.

Domestic and Family Violence Affecting Children and Young People from Culturally and Racially Marginalized Migrant Backgrounds in Australia: A Scoping Review of Child Experiences and Service Responses.

In Australia, children and families from culturally and racially marginalized (CARM) migrant backgrounds experience a range of compounding structural and interpersonal factors that limit help-seeking and exacerbate the impacts of domestic and family violence (DFV). This scoping review examines the current state of knowledge on how children and young people from CARM migrant backgrounds experience DFV, and the services that respond to DFV including child protection services. A systematic search was conducted across PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and CINAHL databases and Google Scholar, alongside a complementary grey literature search.

Diversity, equity, and inclusivity in observational ambulatory assessment: Recommendations from two decades of Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR) research.

Ambient audio sampling methods such as the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR) have become increasingly prominent in clinical and social sciences research. These methods record snippets of naturalistically assessed audio from participants' daily lives, enabling novel observational research about the daily social interactions, identities, environments, behaviors, and speech of populations of interest. In practice, these scientific opportunities are equaled by methodological challenges: researchers' own cultural backgrounds and identities can easily and unknowingly permeate the collection, coding, analysis, and interpretation of social data from daily life.

Barriers to emergency department clinicians' confidence in providing paediatric trauma-informed care.

Background: It has been estimated that around 31% of children will experience a traumatic event during childhood, most commonly serious accidents that lead to hospitalisation. Around 15% of children who experience such events go onto develop post-traumatic stress disorder. Emergency department (ED) clinicians have a unique opportunity to intervene during the early peri-trauma period, which can involve incorporating a trauma-informed approach within their care.

Grief Instruments in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.

Many children and adolescents experience the death of a close person, such as a family member or a friend. However, there is a scarcity of literature on the assessment of grief in bereaved youth. The use of validated instruments is essential to advance our knowledge of grief in children and adolescents.

Moral injury related to immigration detention on Nauru: a qualitative study.

Background: Immigration detention is associated with detrimental mental health outcomes but little is known about the underlying psychological processes. Moral injury, the experience of transgression of moral beliefs, may play an important role.

Objective: Our aim was to explore moral injury appraisals and associated mental health outcomes related to immigration detention on Nauru.

Moral injury appraisals in young people from refugee backgrounds in Melbourne, Australia.

Objective: While moral injury can influence psychological outcomes experienced by adult refugees, no research to date has examined moral injury among young refugees. This study aimed to investigate the associations between moral injury and mental health in young people with refugee backgrounds.

Method: Participants were 85 young refugees (58.

Think Big: A multinational collaboration to promote children's role as coresearchers in participatory research.

The field of participatory research with children developed largely thanks to shared learning between different cultures, places, and disciplines. However, grand narratives and power relationships in academia inherited from colonialism and imperialism can threaten to obstruct the transformative value of this approach. In this article, we present the case of Think Big, a multinational collaboration for participatory research with children that involved adult and child coresearchers from Australia, Chile, Colombia, and the United Kingdom.

Moderating role of moral injury in the mental health of adolescent refugees.

Objective: This study investigated whether moral injury appraisals moderated the relationships between trauma, postmigration living difficulties, resilience, and mental health outcomes in adolescent refugees.

Method: Eighty-five adolescent refugees from a community sample completed an online survey.

Results: A significant interaction was found between moral injury and discrimination for externalizing and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms; adolescents whom had experienced high levels of discrimination combined with high levels of moral injury had poorer mental health.

Topical Review: Medical Trauma During Early Childhood.

Objective: Early childhood is a high-risk period for exposure to traumatic medical events due to injury/illness. It is also one of the most important and vulnerable periods due to rapid development in neurobiological systems, attachment relationships, cognitive and linguistic capacities, and emotion regulation. The aim of this topical review is to evaluate empirical literature on the psychological impact of medical trauma during early childhood (0-6 years) to inform models of clinical care for assessing, preventing, and treating traumatic stress following injury/illness.

COVID-19 unmasked: preschool children's negative thoughts and worries during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia.

: The COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences are stressful for many children and their families. Previous research with school-aged children has shown that negative thoughts and worries can predict mental health symptoms following stressful events. So far preschool children have been neglected in these investigations.

Prevalence and Characteristics of Posttraumatic Nightmares in War- and Conflict-Affected Students.

Introduction: Recurrent nightmares, frequently associated with traumatic experiences, may impair quality of life and daily functioning. However, there have been few studies of posttraumatic nightmares occurring among children and youth, in particular for trauma-exposed populations in conflict zones.

Methods: Using two quantitative data sets, this study investigates the prevalence and characteristics of recurrent nightmares among conflict-exposed young people in the Gaza Strip (N = 300) and examines the characteristics of posttraumatic nightmares and their association with academic functioning among treatment-seeking students in Gaza (N = 1093).

Working towards inclusive and equitable trauma treatment guidelines: a child-centered reflection.

Clinical practice guidelines, such as those focusing on traumatic stress treatment, can play an important role in promoting inclusion and equity. Based on a review of 14 international trauma treatment guidance documents that explicitly mentioned children, we reflect on two areas in which these guidelines can become more inclusive and equitable; a) representation of children's cultural background and b) children's opportunity to have their voice heard. While a few guidelines mentioned that treatment should be tailored to children's cultural needs, there was little guidance on how this could be done.

Researcher engagement in policy deemed societally beneficial yet unrewarded.

Maintaining the continued flow of benefits from science, as well as societal support for science, requires sustained engagement between the research community and the general public. On the basis of data from an international survey of 1092 participants (634 established researchers and 458 students) in 55 countries and 315 research institutions, we found that institutional recognition of engagement activities is perceived to be undervalued relative to the societal benefit of those activities. Many researchers report that their institutions do not reward engagement activities despite institutions' mission statements promoting such engagement.

Dysfunctional posttraumatic cognitions, posttraumatic stress and depression in children and adolescents exposed to trauma: a network analysis.

Background: The latest version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) proposes a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis reduced to its core symptoms within the symptom clusters re-experiencing, avoidance and hyperarousal. Since children and adolescents often show a variety of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in the aftermath of traumatic events, the question arises whether such a conceptualization of the PTSD diagnosis is supported in children and adolescents. Furthermore, although dysfunctional posttraumatic cognitions (PTCs) appear to play an important role in the development and persistence of PTSD in children and adolescents, their function within diagnostic frameworks requires clarification.

Can children predict psychological recovery after injury?

While children's voice is core to paediatric care, their assessment of future psychological needs is underexplored. We conducted a prospective observational study among children hospitalised for injury in Melbourne, Australia. Their expectations of psychological recovery at baseline (in hospital) were significant and substantial predictors of their quality of life and post-traumatic stress 6 weeks later, suggesting potential diagnostic value.

Listening to Family Life After Serious Pediatric Injury: A Study of Four Cases.

Following a serious child injury, the entire family can be affected. Gaining an understanding of family support, interactions, and stress levels can help clinicians tailor treatment. Presently, these factors are assessed mainly via self-reports and structured observations.

How Do Mothers and Fathers Interact With Their Children After An Injury? Exploring the Role of Parental Acute Stress, Optimism, and Self-Efficacy.

Objective: In the aftermath of a child injury, children and parents can jointly experience acute stress symptoms. Optimism and self-efficacy might buffer against post-traumatic stress disorder. Knowing that children are innately receptive to parent modeling, we were interested in exploring how parent acute stress, optimism, and self-efficacy might transpire in parent-child interactions and whether any differences existed between mothers and fathers.

A pilot randomized controlled trial evaluating a web-based training program on pediatric medical traumatic stress and trauma-informed care for emergency department staff.

This pilot parallel group superiority randomized controlled trial investigated the efficacy and acceptability of a web-based training program on pediatric medical traumatic stress and trauma-informed care (Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number: ACTRN12617001148369). Eligibility criteria for this study included being a nurse or physician working in an ED in Australia or New Zealand, being fluent in English and having Internet access. Emergency department (ED) staff (N = 71) were randomly assigned into the training (n = 32) or control group n = 39).

Communication With Children and Families About Disaster: Reviewing Multi-disciplinary Literature 2015-2017.

Purpose Of Review: To identify strategies for communicating with youth and children pre- and post-disaster in the context of a broader survey of child participation in disaster risk reduction as well as methods for communication with children.

Recent Findings: Youth and children are capable of peer and community education and activism concerning disaster issues and such participation benefits the young actors. Family and sibling support are important in easing the impact of trauma on children.

The transition to parenthood following a history of childhood maltreatment: a review of the literature on prospective and new parents' experiences.

Becoming a parent is viewed as one of the most important transitions in one's life. However, a history of childhood maltreatment may affect the adjustment to parenthood. The objective of this review was to synthesize the current evidence base to further our understanding of prospective and new parents' experiences in the transition to parenthood (pregnancy to 2 years post-birth), in the context of having a childhood maltreatment history.