Publications by authors named "Eustaquio M Onorato"

Article Synopsis
  • Residual shunt (RS) after percutaneous patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure remains controversial regarding its link to subsequent ischemic events, requiring consideration of various injury mechanisms.
  • Biochemical evidence suggests that successful PFO closure significantly reduces levels of molecules (like serotonin and homocysteine) associated with stroke risk, aligning the blood composition of patients post-procedure with that of healthy individuals.
  • The review highlights the variability in study findings due to differences in populations, assessment methods, and follow-up duration, with recent guidelines identifying RS as a potential predictor for ischemic event recurrence, emphasizing the need for further research in this area.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Even though the optimal management of a moderate or large residual shunt following patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure is open to question, recent data confirmed that it is associated with an increased risk of stroke recurrence.

Case Summary: A 48-year-old woman, a migraineur with visual aura, was diagnosed with a PFO associated with a huge multifenestrated atrial septal aneurysm (mfASA) and a moderate right-to-left shunt, detectable only after a Valsalva maneuver on contrast-transthoracic echocardiography. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a 1-mm silent white matter lesion in the right frontal lobe.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Closure of paravalvular leak (PVL) regurgitation after self-expandable (SE) transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) may be more challenging than after balloon-expandable (BE) valve implantation.

Case Summary: An 85-year-old woman suffering from long-standing atrial fibrillation and severe symptomatic aortic stenosis underwent SE TAVI (26 mm Evolut™ R®, Medtronic Inc., MN, USA).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

A 36-year-old woman suffered from an embolic stroke of an undetermined source documented by magnetic resonance imaging with residual right arm weakness. She underwent percutaneous patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure with an 18/25 mm device in another center. One year later, the patient suffered from a transient ischemic attack with dysarthria.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess clinical outcomes and quality of life after PFO closure in patients with previous stroke/TIA of undetermined cause and in patients with other complex PFO-associated clinical conditions.

Methods: Between July 2009 and December 2019 at our University Cardiology Department, 118 consecutive patients underwent a thorough diagnostic work-up including standardized history taking, clinical evaluation, full neurological examination, screening for thrombophilia, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound-Doppler sonography of supra-aortic vessels and 24 h ECG Holter monitoring. Anatomo-morphological evaluation using 2D transthoracic/transesophageal echocardiography (TTE/TEE) color Doppler and functional assessment using contrast TTE (cTTE) in the apical four-chamber view and contrast transcranial Doppler (cTCD) using power M-mode modality were performed to verify the presence, location and amount of right-to-left shunting via PFO or other extracardiac source.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • This study examines the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous closure for paravalvular leaks (PVL) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) across 14 hospitals from January 2018 to October 2022.
  • A total of 45 patients, primarily elderly males, experienced a high success rate (94%) in closing severe and moderate leaks, leading to significant clinical improvements post-procedure.
  • The findings suggest that percutaneous PVL closure is a safe and effective treatment, with positive long-term outcomes, including reduced heart failure hospitalizations and survival rates after intervention.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Percutaneous suture-mediated patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure has recently been used with the aim of avoiding double-disc nitinol device implantation. This novel technique has been carried out successfully in several centers offering PFO closure with an effective closure rate comparable to conventional double-disc devices.

Case Summary: A 50-year-old man, a pentathlon athlete, suffering from a previous left-sided ischemic stroke, underwent percutaneous closure of a permanent right-to-left shunt PFO with a large fenestrated septum primum aneurysm at another institution.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

A pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (PAVM) is an abnormal blood vessel that creates a direct connection between a pulmonary artery and its tributary vein bypassing capillary filter, establishing as a consequence of a low-resistance right-to-left shunting (RLS). The vast majority of PAVMs are congenital appearing more often in females than in males. A great number of patients with PAVMs is suffering concurrently from hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) whose incidence is around 1 in 5,000.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: There is a lack of studies where the outcomes of mitral paravalvular leak treatment were compared between surgery and catheter-based closure. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of re-do surgery with transapical catheter-based paravalvular leak closure.

Methods: This is a retrospective observational study at a single institution; 76 patients were included.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Aortic paravalvular leak (APVL) after surgical valve replacement (AVR) is an ominous complication with a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Approximately 1-5% of PVLs can lead to serious clinical consequences, including congestive heart failure and/or hemolytic anemia.

Case Summary: A 69-year-old man with multiple comorbidities underwent surgical replacement of the aortic valve with a mechanical tilting disc prosthetic valve (Medtronic Starlight 27 mm).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Moderate to severe paravalvular-leak (PVL) regurgitation after surgical aortic-valve replacement or after transcatheter valve implantation represents a well-known complication associated with symptoms related to heart failure, hemolysis, or both in patients with multiple comorbidities and with poor prognostic outcomes. The transcatheter closure of aortic paravalvular leaks (APVLs) is currently considered a valid alternative to cardiac surgery. Nevertheless, careful patient selection, optimal cardiac imaging for intraprocedural guidance, and expert operators are key for success.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • The study involved 144 patients with aortic or mitral paravalvular leaks across 21 sites in 10 countries, with safety data tracked for 137 patients.
  • Procedural success rates were high, with 91.3% of mitral and 90.0% of aortic leaks showing significant closure after device implantation, leading to marked improvements in heart failure symptoms over two years.
  • Despite 27 patients experiencing serious adverse events, none were device-related, and there was a decrease in severe heart failure rates and the need for blood transfusions, indicating long-lasting clinical benefits from the Occlutech Paravalvular Leak Device.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Widespread catheter-based interventions for structural heart disease have overtaken the treatment of paravalvular leaks (PVL). Multimodality imaging techniques play a crucial role in accurate diagnosis, procedure planning and performance. However, PVL closure is often technically challenging due to the complex anatomy of the defects and their relation to surrounding anatomical structures.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Coronary cameral fistulas (CCFs) are rare congenital malformations consisting of abnormal vascular connections between coronary arteries and cardiac chambers, often incidentally found during cardiac catheterizations.

Case Summary: A 66-year-old female asymptomatic patient, without cardiovascular risk factors and a history of varicose veins lower extremities and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia in December 2020, was diagnosed by coronary angiography with two large coronary cameral fistulas connecting the distal right coronary artery (RCA) and the distal left circumflex artery (LCx) to the right ventricle (RV). Additional imaging modalities such as two-dimensional transthoracic/transesophageal echocardiography and three-dimensional multidetector CT angiography were required to confirm the fistula's pathway (location, number, and size), which was difficult to delineate using selective coronary angiography alone.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Significant paravalvular leak regurgitation (PVLR) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a well-known complication associated with disabling symptoms related to heart failure and hemolysis or both, with poor prognostic implications. Although challenging and technically demanding, percutaneous closure is an effective treatment option for high-risk patients with symptomatic PVLR. Here, we present two cases of transcatheter PVLR closure after replacement of third-generation (one self-expandable and one balloon-expandable) transcatheter aortic valves, each with peculiar challenges, and the strategies adopted to increase the success rate of percutaneous closure.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Infective endocarditis (IE) of prosthetic valves is a dire complication of cardiac valve replacement surgery and is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. A 72-year-old woman with multiple comorbidities underwent surgical replacement of the aortic valve with a mechanical prosthetic valve after recurrent IE. After 10 years, IE recurred and the mechanical valve was surgically replaced with a bioprosthetic valve.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Catheter-based closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) is more effective than medical therapy in the prevention of recurrent stroke[1]. It is likely that a proportion of patients evaluated for potential transcatheter PFO closure has actually different anatomical variants particularly common in the right atrium such as eustachian valve, Chiari network, Thebesian valve and Crista Terminalis. Notably, the eustachian valve may represent an increased risk factor for left circulation thromboembolism beyond that associated with PFO size and shunting.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Catheter-based closure has emerged as a less invasive alternative to surgery in high-risk patients with paravalvular leak (PVL) and clinically significant regurgitation with feasibility and efficacy demonstrated in multiple studies.

Case Summary: A 72-year-old female with a past history of long-standing rheumatic heart disease underwent mechanical mitral valve replacement in 2008. Ten years later, redo surgery was performed due to a worsening mitral PVL and the leakage was closed by direct pledget-supported sutures, preserving the mechanical valve.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • - The condition described is a
  • rare heart defect known as Secundum ASD, which involves a large, multi-hole atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) and a double atrial septum.
  • - Effective treatment for this type of defect relies heavily on advanced and innovative device technologies.
  • - Such technology plays a crucial role in successfully closing these complex septal defect variations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Transcatheter approach for large and complex atrial septal defects may represent a therapeutic challenge, particularly when the postero-inferior rim is deficient and floppy.

Case Summary: Here, we describe a successful catheter-based closure of a large (>30 mm) secundum atrial septal defect associated with postero-inferior rim deficiency in a 35-year-old female with congestive heart failure using pulmonary vein slide-out assisted implantation technique.

Discussion: Inferior-posterior rim deficiency is a well-known risk factor for device instability or embolization.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is linked to various medical conditions, but there's only one official guideline for its role in left circulation thromboembolism.
  • An interdisciplinary paper created by eight European scientific societies reviews existing evidence and offers guidelines for managing other PFO-related conditions using a modified GRADE methodology.
  • Despite relying on limited and low-certainty data, the paper presents position statements on PFO management and emphasizes the urgent need for more high-quality research in this area.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF