Beyond single-use: a systematic review of environmental, economic, and clinical impacts of endoscopic surgical instrumentation.

Background: The evolution of endoscopic surgery has introduced a multitude of instruments, available in both disposable and reusable variants, influencing practices across various surgical specialties. Instrument selection is complex, considering individual preferences and institutional factors such as costs, instrument performance, and factors related to cleaning and sterilization. Notably, environmental sustainability has gained prominence due to the threat of climate change.

European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES) consensus on Indocyanine Green (ICG) fluorescence-guided surgery.

Background: In recent years, the use of Indocyanine Green (ICG) fluorescence-guided surgery during open and laparoscopic procedures has exponentially expanded across various clinical settings. The European Association of Endoscopic Surgery (EAES) initiated a consensus development conference on this topic with the aim of creating evidence-based statements and recommendations for the surgical community.

Methods: An expert panel of surgeons has been selected and invited to participate to this project.

Breath analysis for the detection of digestive tract malignancies: systematic review.

Background: In recent decades there has been growing interest in the use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath as biomarkers for the diagnosis of multiple variants of cancer. This review aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and current status of VOC analysis in exhaled breath for the detection of cancer in the digestive tract.

Methods: PubMed and the Cochrane Library database were searched for VOC analysis studies, in which exhaled air was used to detect gastro-oesophageal, liver, pancreatic, and intestinal cancer in humans, Quality assessment was performed using the QUADAS-2 criteria.

Atypical visual-auditory predictive coding in autism spectrum disorder: Electrophysiological evidence from stimulus omissions.

Many autistic individuals experience difficulties in processing sensory information (e.g. increased sensitivity to sound).

Electrophysiological alterations in motor-auditory predictive coding in autism spectrum disorder.

The amplitude of the auditory N1 component of the event-related potential (ERP) is typically attenuated for self-initiated sounds, compared to sounds with identical acoustic and temporal features that are triggered externally. This effect has been ascribed to internal forward models predicting the sensory consequences of one's own motor actions. The predictive coding account of autistic symptomatology states that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulties anticipating upcoming sensory stimulation due to a decreased ability to infer the probabilistic structure of their environment.

No Differences in Weight Gain Between Risperidone and Aripiprazole in Children and Adolescents After 12 Months.

Background: Weight gain due to the use of second-generation antipsychotics is a major health care issue for adult and paediatric psychiatric patients. Little is known about long-term weight gain effects of aripiprazole compared to risperidone in children and adolescents.

Objective: The primary aim of this study is to assess whether risperidone and aripiprazole are associated with different weight changes in children and adolescents during the first 12 months of treatment.

The Stability of Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders: A 7 Year Follow Up of Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified.

The current study was a 7-year follow-up of 74 6-12 year old children with Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified. We examined the rates and 7 year stability of comorbid psychiatric diagnoses as ascertained with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children: Parent version at ages 6-12 and again at ages 12-20. Also, we examined childhood factors that predicted the stability of comorbid psychiatric disorders.

ASD Symptom Severity in Adolescence of Individuals Diagnosed with PDD-NOS in Childhood: Stability and the Relation with Psychiatric Comorbidity and Societal Participation.

The current 7-year follow-up study investigated: (1) the stability of ASD severity, and (2) associations of ASD severity in adolescence with (a) childhood and concurrent psychiatric comorbidity, and (b) concurrent societal functioning. The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children were administered in childhood (ages 6-12) and in adolescence (ages 12-20) to 72 individuals with a pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). ADOS calibrated severity scores showed a large stability (r = .

Superior Disembedding Performance in Childhood Predicts Adolescent Severity of Repetitive Behaviors: A Seven Years Follow-Up of Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Previous research suggests that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show a detail-focused cognitive style. The aim of the current longitudinal study was to investigate whether this detail-focused cognitive style in childhood predicted a higher symptom severity of repetitive and restrictive behaviors and interests (RRBI) in adolescence. The Childhood Embedded Figures Test (CEFT) and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) were administered in 87 children with ASD at the age of 6-12 years old (T1), and the ADOS was readministered 7 years later when the participants were 12-19 years old (T2).

Childhood Facial Recognition Predicts Adolescent Symptom Severity in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Limited accuracy and speed in facial recognition (FR) and in the identification of facial emotions (IFE) have been shown in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This study aimed at evaluating the predictive value of atypicalities in FR and IFE for future symptom severity in children with ASD. Therefore we performed a seven-year follow-up study in 87 children with ASD.

Formal thought disorder in autism spectrum disorder predicts future symptom severity, but not psychosis prodrome.

Formal thought disorder (FTD) is a disruption in the flow of thought, which is inferred from disorganisation of spoken language. FTD in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) might be a precursor of psychotic disorders or a manifestation of ASD symptom severity. The current longitudinal study is a seven-year follow-up of 91 individuals aged 5-12 years with ASD.

No evidence for impaired multisensory integration of low-level audiovisual stimuli in adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorders.

Abrupt click sounds can improve the visual processing of flashes in several ways. Here, we examined this in high functioning adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) using three tasks: (1) a task where clicks improve sensitivity for visual temporal order (temporal ventriloquism); (2) a task where a click improves visual search (pip-and-pop), and (3) a task where a click speeds up the visual orienting to a peripheral target (clock reading). Adolescents with ASD were, compared to adolescents with typical development (TD), impaired in judgments of visual temporal order, but they were unimpaired in visual search and orienting.

Diminished sensitivity of audiovisual temporal order in autism spectrum disorder.

We examined sensitivity of audiovisual temporal order in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using an audiovisual temporal order judgment (TOJ) task. In order to assess domain-specific impairments, the stimuli varied in social complexity from simple flash/beeps to videos of a handclap or a speaking face. Compared to typically-developing controls, individuals with ASD were generally less sensitive in judgments of audiovisual temporal order (larger just noticeable differences, JNDs), but there was no specific impairment with social stimuli.

Empirically based phenotypic profiles of children with pervasive developmental disorders: interpretation in the light of the DSM-5.

This study aimed to contribute to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) debates on the conceptualization of autism by investigating (1) whether empirically based distinct phenotypic profiles could be distinguished within a sample of mainly cognitively able children with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), and (2) how profiles related to diagnoses and co-occurring behavioral and emotional problems. Six classes with distinct profiles were discerned. Three classes showed profiles not completely in line with the proposed DSM-5 conceptualization of autism.

The association of quality of social relations, symptom severity and intelligence with anxiety in children with autism spectrum disorders.

Limited quality of social relations, milder symptom severity and higher intelligence were shown to account for higher anxiety levels in autism spectrum disorders. The current study replicated and extended earlier findings by combining these three determinants of anxiety in autism spectrum disorders in one study. The sample consisted of 134 school-aged children with autism spectrum disorders, of whom 58 (43%) had a co-morbid anxiety disorder according to the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-Parent version.

[Antipsychotic agents and stimulants: a judicious combination?].

A 31-year-old male, diagnosed with schizophrenia and receiving maintenance treatment with olanzapine, was prescribed methylphenidate for comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd). The adhd symptoms diminished and there were hardly any side-effects. No increase in psychotic symptoms occurred.

A review of the present emergency medical care system in Japan.

EMT's in the United States initiate emergency treatment including patient resuscitation at accident locations. Such treatment has only recently become available in Japan. In 1992, Emergency Life Support Technicians (ELT's) became available in Japan.

Pathways of problem behaviors from childhood to adolescence.

Objective: the purpose of this study was to determine the 6-year longitudinal course of psychiatric disorders in children from the general population commencing at age 4 to 11 years.

Method: three groups of children were selected on the basis of Child Behavior Checklist ratings obtained at 2-year intervals: "persisters," "decreasers," and "increasers." Selected subjects and their parents were clinically interviewed, and DSM-III-R diagnoses were derived.

A study of evaluation methods for hospital medical care systems.

When we seek to evaluate hospital medical care services, we first collect data regarding the existing system in order to gather information and to develop a method of analysis that we can use for evaluation. We took the OPD system as an example, taking into account systematic OPD services based on queuing theory and computer simulation. As a result of the computer simulation model based on experimental conditions, we were able to offer recommendations for modifications of the present system that could improve patient service.