Sleep and physical activity patterns in relation to daily-life symptoms in psychosis: An actigraphy and experience sampling study.

Sleep disturbances and reduced physical activity (PA) are important risk factors for poor physical and mental health outcomes in people with psychosis. However, the precise interrelations between sleep, PA and psychopathology remain unclear. This study combined experience sampling (ESM) and actigraphy in thirty-two patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder to investigate interrelations of day-to-day variations in actigraphic estimates of PA and sleep and psychotic and affective symptoms.

Customizable automated cleaning of multichannel sleep EEG in SleepTrip.

While standard polysomnography has revealed the importance of the sleeping brain in health and disease, more specific insight into the relevant brain circuits requires high-density electroencephalography (EEG). However, identifying and handling sleep EEG artifacts becomes increasingly challenging with higher channel counts and/or volume of recordings. Whereas manual cleaning is time-consuming, subjective, and often yields data loss (e.

Sleep profiles of different psychiatric traits.

Disturbed sleep comes in many forms. While the key role of sleep in mental health is undisputed, our understanding of the type of sleeping problems that manifest in the early stages of psychiatric disorders is limited. A sample without psychiatric diagnoses (N = 440, 341 women, 97 men, 2 non-binaries; M = 32.

Insomnia Subtypes Have Differentiating Deviations in Brain Structural Connectivity.

Background: Insomnia disorder is the most common sleep disorder. A better understanding of insomnia-related deviations in the brain could inspire better treatment. Insufficiently recognized heterogeneity within the insomnia population could obscure detection of involved brain circuits.

Insomnia symptom severity and dynamics of arousal-related symptoms across the day.

Arousal is a central component of many emotional symptoms and can contribute to insomnia. Here we assessed how the timing and fluctuating nature of arousal-related symptoms over the course of the day relate to insomnia symptom severity. In this study, 361 participants (M age = 31.

Overnight neuronal plasticity and adaptation to emotional distress.

Expressions such as 'sleep on it' refer to the resolution of distressing experiences across a night of sound sleep. Sleep is an active state during which the brain reorganizes the synaptic connections that form memories. This Perspective proposes a model of how sleep modifies emotional memory traces.

Associations of 24-Hour Rest-Activity Rhythm Fragmentation, Cognitive Decline, and Postmortem Locus Coeruleus Hypopigmentation in Alzheimer's Disease.

Objective: While studies suggested that locus coeruleus (LC) neurodegeneration contributes to sleep-wake dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the association between LC integrity and circadian rest-activity patterns remains unknown. Here, we investigated the relationships between 24-hour rest-activity rhythms, cognitive trajectories, and autopsy-derived LC integrity in older adults with and without cortical AD neuropathology.

Methods: This retrospective study leveraged multi-modal data from participants of the longitudinal clinical-pathological Rush Memory and Aging Project.

Can people with poststroke insomnia benefit from blended cognitive behavioral therapy? A single case experimental design.

Purpose: Sleep is essential for our overall health and wellbeing. Unfortunately, stroke often induces insomnia, which has been shown to impede rehabilitation and recovery of function. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is the treatment of choice for insomnia in the general population and is efficacious both when delivered face-to-face or online.

Identifying the insomnia-related psychological issues associated with hyperarousal: A network perspective.

Hyperarousal, recognized as a fundamental characteristic of insomnia for decades, has yielded limited evidence concerning its direct psychological associations. This study aimed to explore the psychological factors linked to hyperarousal within the framework of interrelated variables. Two independent samples, comprising n = 917 and n = 652 young adults, were included in the study.

Are some children genetically predisposed to poor sleep? A polygenic risk study in the general population.

Background: Twin studies show moderate heritability of sleep traits: 40% for insomnia symptoms and 46% for sleep duration. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genetic variants involved in insomnia and sleep duration in adults, but it is unknown whether these variants affect sleep during early development. We assessed whether polygenic risk scores for insomnia (PRS-I) and sleep duration (PRS-SD) affect sleep throughout early childhood to adolescence.

The role of brain white matter in depression resilience and response to sleep interventions.

Insomnia poses a high risk for depression. Brain mechanisms of sleep and mood improvement following cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia remain elusive. This longitudinal study evaluated whether (i) individual differences in baseline brain white matter microstructure predict improvements and (ii) intervention affects brain white matter microstructure.

Are sleep-related beliefs and behaviours dysfunctional in people with insomnia after acquired brain injury? A cross-sectional study.

Inappropriate sleep-related beliefs and behaviours are considered key maladaptive mechanisms in the development and maintenance of insomnia in the otherwise healthy population. The aim of this study was to evaluate critically the role of sleep-related beliefs and behaviours in insomnia after acquired brain injury. Cross-sectional data of 51 outpatients with insomnia disorder and acquired brain injury were used to evaluate associations of the insomnia severity index with the dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep scale and sleep-related behaviours questionnaire.

A Longitudinal Study of Stress During Pregnancy, Children's Sleep and Polygenic Risk for Poor Sleep in the General Pediatric Population.

Early life stress is robustly associated with poor sleep across life. Preliminary studies suggest that these associations may begin already in utero. Here, we study the longitudinal associations of prenatal psychosocial stress with sleep across childhood, and assess whether prenatal stress interacts with genetic liability for poor sleep.

The first-night effect and the consistency of short sleep in insomnia disorder.

The nature and degree of objective sleep impairments in insomnia disorder remain unclear. This issue is complicated further by potential changes in sleep architecture on the first compared with subsequent nights in the laboratory. Evidence regarding differential first-night effects in people with insomnia disorder and controls is mixed.

Pupillometry to differentiate idiopathic hypersomnia from narcolepsy type 1.

Idiopathic hypersomnia is poorly diagnosed in the absence of biomarkers to distinguish it from other central hypersomnia subtypes. Given that light plays a main role in the regulation of sleep and wake, we explored the retinal melanopsin-based pupil response in patients with idiopathic hypersomnia and narcolepsy type 1, and healthy subjects. Twenty-seven patients with narcolepsy type 1 (women 59%, 36 ± 11.

Cognitive, Behavioral, and Circadian Rhythm Interventions for Insomnia Alter Emotional Brain Responses.

Background: The highest risk of depression is conveyed by insomnia. This risk can be mitigated by sleep interventions. Understanding brain mechanisms underlying increased emotional stability following insomnia treatment could provide insight relevant to the prevention of depression.

From childhood trauma to hyperarousal in adults: The mediating effect of maladaptive shame coping and insomnia.

Introduction: A new line of insomnia research focuses on the developmental trajectories from early live stress to insomnia in adulthood. Adverse childhood experiences (ACE's) might create a vulnerability for later maladaptive coping with distress, as seen in chronic hyperarousal or insomnia. In an functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, failure to dissociate the neurobiological components of shame from autobiographical shameful memories in insomnia was reflected by continued activation of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), which may be a result of maladaptive coping in the wake of ACE's.

Associations between signs of sleep bruxism and insomnia: A polysomnographic study.

Sleep bruxism (SB) is a repetitive jaw-muscle activity characterised by clenching or grinding of the teeth and/or by bracing or thrusting of the mandible. Sleep bruxism has been linked with insomnia symptoms. Moreover, it has been suggested that there is a positive association between distress and the occurrence of sleep bruxism.

Functional connectivity correlates of attentional networks in insomnia disorder: A pilot study.

Insomnia disorder has been associated with poor executive functioning. Functional imaging studies of executive functioning in insomnia are scarce and inconclusive. Because the Attentional Network Test relies on well-defined cortical networks and sensitively distinguishes different aspects of executive function, it might reveal brain functional alterations in relatively small samples of patients.

Actigraphy in studies on insomnia: Worth the effort?

In the past decades, actigraphy has emerged as a promising, cost-effective, and easy-to-use tool for ambulatory sleep recording. Polysomnography (PSG) validation studies showed that actigraphic sleep estimates fare relatively well in healthy sleepers. Additionally, round-the-clock actigraphy recording has been used to study circadian rhythms in various populations.

Compression of the optic chiasm is associated with reduced photoentrainment of the central biological clock.

Objective: Pituitary tumours that compress the optic chiasm are associated with long-term alterations in sleep-wake rhythm. This may result from damage to intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) projecting from the retina to the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus via the optic chiasm to ensure photoentrainment (i.e.

Do your troubles today seem further away than yesterday? On sleep's role in mitigating the blushing response to a reactivated embarrassing episode.

The "sleep to forget and sleep to remember hypothesis" proposes that sleep weakens the emotional tone of an experience while preserving or even enhancing its content. Prior experimental research however shows contradictory findings on how emotional reactivity changes after a period of sleep, likely explained by methodological variations. By addressing these inconsistencies, we investigated the mitigating effect of overnight sleep on emotional reactivity triggered by memory reactivation.

Selective Enhancement of Post-Sleep Visual Motion Perception by Repetitive Tactile Stimulation during Sleep.

Tactile sensations can bias visual perception in the awake state while visual sensitivity is known to be facilitated by sleep. It remains unknown, however, whether the tactile sensation during sleep can bias the visual improvement after sleep. Here, we performed nap experiments in human participants ( = 56, 18 males, 38 females) to demonstrate that repetitive tactile motion stimulation on the fingertip during slow wave sleep selectively enhanced subsequent visual motion detection.