Potential for large-scale CO removal via enhanced rock weathering with croplands.

Enhanced silicate rock weathering (ERW), deployable with croplands, has potential use for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO) removal (CDR), which is now necessary to mitigate anthropogenic climate change. ERW also has possible co-benefits for improved food and soil security, and reduced ocean acidification. Here we use an integrated performance modelling approach to make an initial techno-economic assessment for 2050, quantifying how CDR potential and costs vary among nations in relation to business-as-usual energy policies and policies consistent with limiting future warming to 2 degrees Celsius.

Comparison of Low Cost Miniature Spectrometers for Volcanic SO(2) Emission Measurements.

Miniature ultraviolet USB coupled spectrometers have become ubiquitously applied over the last decade for making volcanic SO(2) emission rate measurements. The dominantly applied unit has recently been discontinued however, raising the question of which currently available devices should now be implemented. In this paper, we consider, and make recommendations on this matter, by studying a number of inexpensive compact spectrometers in respect of measurement performance and thermal behaviour.

Ground Based Ultraviolet Remote Sensing of Volcanic Gas Plumes.

Ultraviolet spectroscopy has been implemented for over thirty years to monitorvolcanic SO₂ emissions. These data have provided valuable information concerningunderground magmatic conditions, which have been of utility in eruption forecastingefforts. During the last decade the traditionally used correlation spectrometers have beenupgraded with miniature USB coupled UV spectrometers, opening a series of exciting newempirical possibilities for understanding volcanoes and their impacts upon the atmosphere.