Comparison of Fracture Strength of Milled and 3D-Printed Crown Materials According to Occlusal Thickness.

This study aimed to measure the fracture strengths and hardness of final restorative milled and 3D-printed materials and evaluate the appropriate crown thickness for their clinical use for permanent prosthesis. One type of milled material (group M) and two types of 3D-printed materials (groups P1 and P2) were used. Their crown thickness was set to 0.

Hydrogen peroxide signalling mediates fertilization and post-fertilization development in the red alga Bostrychia moritziana.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling has a multitude of roles in cellular processes throughout biology. We hypothesized that red algal fertilization may offer an interesting model to study ROS-mediated signalling, as the stages of fertilization are complex and unique. We detected the localization of ROS production microscopically and monitored the expression of three homologues of NADPH oxidase in reproductive cells during fertilization.

Sex-Specific Genes and their Expression in the Life History of the Red Alga Bostrychia moritziana (Ceramiales, Rhodomelaceae).

Diverse sex determination mechanisms have been reported in eukaryotes, but little is known about the genetic pathways leading to sex determination in red algae. Sex-specific genes that could be involved in sex determination and sexual differentiation were investigated in the red alga Bostrychia moritziana by analyzing the transcriptomes of various phases including males, females, and tetrasporophytes. Sex dominantly expressed genes which showed >10-fold difference between sexes was isolated using comparative RNA-seq analysis.

The S100 calcium-binding protein A4 level is elevated in the lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Background: Fibroblast dysfunction is the main pathogenic mechanism of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). S100 calcium-binding protein A4 (S100A4) plays critical roles in the proliferation of fibroblasts and in the development of pulmonary, hepatic, and renal fibrosis. However, the clinical implications of S100A4 in IPF have not been evaluated.

Two Indias: The structure of primary health care markets in rural Indian villages with implications for policy.

We visited 1519 villages across 19 Indian states in 2009 to (a) count all health care providers and (b) elicit their quality as measured through tests of medical knowledge. We document three main findings. First, 75% of villages have at least one health care provider and 64% of care is sought in villages with 3 or more providers.

Global DNA Methylation Pattern of Fibroblasts in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Our previous transcriptome study of cultured fibroblasts identified 178 genes that were differentially expressed by 8 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) fibroblasts compared with 4 controls. Here, we performed genome-wide DNA methylation analysis to evaluate the relationship of CpG methylation to differential gene expression. Among 485,577 loci, 5850 loci on 2282 genes showed significant differences between the 2 groups (delta-beta >10.

Identification of Keywords From Twitter and Web Blog Posts to Detect Influenza Epidemics in Korea.

Objective: Social media data are a highly contextual health information source. The objective of this study was to identify Korean keywords for detecting influenza epidemics from social media data.

Methods: We included data from Twitter and online blog posts to obtain a sufficient number of candidate indicators and to represent a larger proportion of the Korean population.

Gene profile of fibroblasts identify relation of CCL8 with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by the complex interaction of cells involved in chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Global gene expression of a homogenous cell population will identify novel candidate genes.

Methods: Gene expression of fibroblasts derived from lung tissues (8 IPF and 4 controls) was profiled, and ontology and functional pathway were analyzed in the genes exhibiting >2 absolute fold changes with p-values < 0.

Web-based infectious disease surveillance systems and public health perspectives: a systematic review.

Background: Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases are a significant public health concern, and early detection and immediate response is crucial for disease control. These challenges have led to the need for new approaches and technologies to reinforce the capacity of traditional surveillance systems for detecting emerging infectious diseases. In the last few years, the availability of novel web-based data sources has contributed substantially to infectious disease surveillance.

Designing a Sustainable Noise Mapping System Based on Citizen Scientists Smartphone Sensor Data.

In this study, we attempted to assess the feasibility of collecting population health data via mobile devices. Specifically, we constructed noise maps based on sound information monitored by individuals' smartphones. We designed a sustainable way of creating noise maps that can overcome the shortcomings of existing station-based noise-monitoring systems.

Estimating Influenza Outbreaks Using Both Search Engine Query Data and Social Media Data in South Korea.

Background: As suggested as early as in 2006, logs of queries submitted to search engines seeking information could be a source for detection of emerging influenza epidemics if changes in the volume of search queries are monitored (infodemiology). However, selecting queries that are most likely to be associated with influenza epidemics is a particular challenge when it comes to generating better predictions.

Objective: In this study, we describe a methodological extension for detecting influenza outbreaks using search query data; we provide a new approach for query selection through the exploration of contextual information gleaned from social media data.

Public Trauma after the Sewol Ferry Disaster: The Role of Social Media in Understanding the Public Mood.

The Sewol ferry disaster severely shocked Korean society. The objective of this study was to explore how the public mood in Korea changed following the Sewol disaster using Twitter data. Data were collected from daily Twitter posts from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2013 and from 1 March 2014 to 30 June 2014 using natural language-processing and text-mining technologies.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms are associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by progressive dyspnea and worsening lung function. ACE is increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with IPF, suggesting the role of ACE in the pathogenesis of IPF. We evaluated the role of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the development risk of IPF.

Widening social disparities in alcohol-attributable deaths among Korean men aged 40-59 years during the transitional period of the economic crisis (1995-2005).

Objectives: This study examined socioeconomic disparities in alcohol-related mortality among Korean men aged 40-59 years during the period before and after the economic crisis in the late 1990s.

Methods: We used Korean Census data (1995, 2005) and data from the National Death Files (1994-1996, 2004-2006) on education and employment status as indicators of socioeconomic position. Based on the age-standardized rates of alcohol-attributable deaths, relative discrepancies across socioeconomic positions were estimated.

PURIFICATION OF A SEX-SPECIFIC LECTIN INVOLVED IN GAMETE BINDING OF AGLAOTHAMNION CALLOPHYLLIDICOLA (RHODOPHYTA)(1).

Egg and sperm binding and correct recognition is the first stage for successful fertilization. In red algae, spermatial attachment to female trichogynes is mediated by a specific binding between the lectin(s) distributed on the surface of trichogyne and the complementary carbohydrates on the spermatial surface. A female-specific lectin was isolated from Aglaothamnion callophyllidicola by agarose-bound fetuin affinity chromatography.