Extrusion Characteristics of Thin Walled Tubes for Catheters Using Thermoplastic Elastomer.

As the market for minimally invasive surgery has grown, the demand for high-precision and high-performance catheters has increased. Catheters for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease mainly use a braided wire tube with a polymer inner liner and outer jacket to improve the pushability and trackability. The outer jacket should have an accurate inner and outer diameter and while maintaining a wall thickness of 150 µm or less.

Radiation characteristics and optical properties of filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica.

This study presents experimental measurements of the absorption and scattering cross sections and the spectral complex index of refraction of filamentous cyanobacteria. Filamentous heterocystous cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica was chosen as a model organism. Its filaments consisted of long chains of polydisperse cells.

Absorption and scattering by long and randomly oriented linear chains of spheres.

This paper demonstrates that the scattering cross section per unit length of randomly oriented linear chains of optically soft spheres asymptotically converges toward those of randomly oriented and infinitely long cylinders with volume-equivalent diameter as the number of spheres increases. The critical number of spheres necessary to approximate the linear chains of spheres as infinitely long cylinders decreased rapidly as the size parameter of an individual sphere increased from 0.01 to 10.

Radiation and optical properties of Nannochloropsis oculata grown under different irradiances and spectra.

This paper reports accurate measurements of the radiation characteristics and optical properties of Nannochloropsis oculata in the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) region. These marine microalgae were grown in 2 cm thick culture bottles with vented caps exposed, on one side, to either white fluorescent light bulbs or red LEDs emitting at 630 nm. The illuminance varied from 2000 to 10,000 lux.