Early-Life Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Health in Late Middle-Age: Importance of Heterogeneous Income Trajectories.

This paper aims to investigate heterogeneous income changes and whether the income trajectories moderate effects of early socioeconomic disadvantage on health in late middle age. The sample was restricted to 9,056 middle-aged adults from the Health and Retirement Study (1998-2010). Through a latent class growth analysis, six patterns of income changes were identified: constantly low, constantly moderate, constantly high & increasing, high to low, moderate to high, and high to moderate.

Multimorbidity and Employment Outcomes Among Middle-Aged US Cancer Survivors.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between multimorbidity and subsequent 2-year employment outcomes among middle-aged United States (US) cancer survivors. In addition, we examined whether the relationship differed by survivor characteristics.

Methods: Data of 633 cancer survivors (ages 51 to 64) from the 2014 Health and Retirement Study were used to identify multimorbidity profiles and evaluate associations between multimorbidity and prolonged unemployment during follow-up.

Multiple pathways linking early socioeconomic circumstances and depressive symptoms in late Middle age in the U.S.

A growing number of life course studies are examining the influence of earlier life experiences on morbidity, disability, and mortality in mid-old age. Drawing from the social pathway model, this study expands the life course literature by utilizing data collected over 35 years from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979 Cohort, spanning four life course phases (childhood, young adulthood, middle adulthood, and late-middle adulthood). Through structural equation analyses with a phantom model, we estimated depressive symptoms in late middle age as a result of pathway effects starting with childhood socio-economic status (SES) which effect young adulthood and middle adulthood.

Erratum: Ekenga, C.; et al. Long-Term Employment Outcomes among Female Cancer Survivors. 2020, , 2751.

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Life Course Pathway to Later-Year Depressive Symptoms: Multiple Mediation of Socio-Economic Status and Coping Resources by Gender.

Drawing on a life course and stress process perspective, this study examined the pathway from childhood SES to later year depressive symptoms, focusing on multiple life course SES and coping resources in old age. Data came from the 2006 and 2015 waves of the Korea Welfare Panel Study (KOWEPS). We selected respondents aged 51-55 in 2006 who were followed up when they were between 60 to 64 years of age in 2015.

Long-Term Employment Outcomes among Female Cancer Survivors.

Advances in early detection and treatment have led to a growing population of female cancer survivors, many of whom are of working age. We examined the relationship between cancer and long-term (>5 years) employment outcomes in a nationally representative sample of working-age women in the United States. Data from nine waves of the Health and Retirement Study were used to examine employment status and weekly hours worked among cancer survivors ( = 483) and women without cancer ( = 6605).

Nature of Retirement and Loneliness: The Moderating Roles of Social Support.

Drawing from the social convoy model, this study investigates whether the nature of retirement (voluntary or involuntary) influences loneliness among retirees, and how different social support types may affect this association. Data come from the 2014 Health and Retirement Study ( = 2,055). Five social support types were identified: weak, ambivalent, strong positive, children strain, and family strain.

Influence of senior housing types on cognitive decline and nursing home admission among lower-income older adults.

Focusing on unique ageing populations in subsidized senior housing for lower-income older adults, this study contributes to literature on housing and aging; provides initial understanding of existing housing types; and explores the extent to which living in different housing types may influence changes in cognitive function and likelihood of nursing home admission. Data came from seven waves (2002-2014) of the Health and Retirement Study. A latent-class clustering approach was used to identify senior-housing types among lower-income older people; We identified four discernible housing types among lower-income older adults: (1) High physical & Low service, (2) Low physical & Low service, (3) High physical & High service, and (4) Medium physical & High service.

Person-Environment Fit Approach to Trajectories of Cognitive Function Among Older Adults Who Live Alone: Intersection of Life-Course SES Disadvantage and Senior Housing.

Objectives: Drawing from life course and environmental perspectives, we examined the trajectory of cognitive function and how senior housing moderates the effects of life-course socioeconomic status (SES) disadvantage among older people living alone over time.

Method: Six waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) were used with multilevel growth modeling to analyze developmental patterns of cognitive function over time and how various forms of life-course SES disadvantage affect cognitive function depending on senior housing residency status.

Results: At baseline, we found a positive role of senior housing in four subgroups: SES disadvantage in childhood only, unstable mobility pattern (disadvantage in childhood and old age only), downward mobility (no disadvantage in childhood, but in later two life stages), and cumulative disadvantage (all three life stages).

The Effect of California's Paid Family Leave Program on Employment Among Middle-Aged Female Caregivers.

Background And Objectives: This study examined the effect of a Paid Family Leave program in California (CA-PFL) on employment among middle-aged female caregivers. We also examined differences in the relationship between the availability of paid family leave (PFL) and employment in socioeconomic subgroups of midlife women.

Research Design And Methods: Data came from multiple years (2000‒2014) of the Current Population Survey (CPS) (N = 68,773 individuals).

Health Insurance and Poverty in Trajectories of Out-of-Pocket Expenditure among Low-Income Middle-Aged Adults.

Objective: To assess the effects of longitudinal patterns of health insurance and poverty on out-of-pocket expenditures among low-income late middle-aged adults.

Data Sources/study Setting: Six waves (2002-2012) of the Health and Retirement Study, in combination with RAND Center for the Study of Aging data, were used.

Study Design: A random coefficient regression analysis was conducted in a multilevel growth curve framework to estimate the impact of health insurance and poverty on out-of-pocket expenditures.

Socioeconomic Disparity in Later-Year Group Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms: Role of Health and Social Engagement Change.

This study explored heterogeneous change patterns of South Korean older adults' depressive symptoms by poverty status, focusing on health status and social engagement changes. We used data from four waves (2006-2012) of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA). Our sample contained 2461 poor and 1668 non-poor individuals.

The Role of Senior Housing in Hospitalizations Among Vulnerable Older Adults With Multiple Chronic Conditions: A Longitudinal Perspective.

Background And Objectives: This study focuses on vulnerable elders (i.e., those with moderate or low incomes who live alone) and examines to what extent a senior housing environment moderates the effects of multiple chronic conditions (MCCs) on hospitalization over time.

Heterogeneous Trajectories of Physical and Mental Health in Late Middle Age: Importance of Life-Course Socioeconomic Positions.

Drawing on life course and cumulative disadvantage theory, this study examines heterogeneous trajectories of functional limitations and depressive symptoms among late middle-aged individuals. This study used prospective data from 6010 adults, 51 to 64 years old, collected over a 12-year-period from the Health and Retirement Study. Considering the empirical proposition that several physical and mental trajectories may exist, Latent Class Growth Modeling was used.

Heterogeneous Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms in Late Middle Age: Critical Period, Accumulation, and Social Mobility Life Course Perspectives.

Objective: This study investigated patterns of depressive symptoms and whether socioeconomic status (SES) across the life course affects these trajectories using the critical period, accumulation, and social mobility models.

Method: This study uses data from 8,532 adults, age 51 to 64, collected over 12 years from the Health and Retirement Study (observations = 25,887). A latent class analysis was performed to examine distinct depressive symptom trajectories; life course models were studied with multinomial logistic regression.

Trajectories of Community-Based Service Use: The Importance of Poverty and Living Arrangements.

This study examined how older adults' living arrangements and poverty status affected their use of in-home health, functional, and out-of-home services over time. Using eight waves of data from the Korea Welfare Panel Study, we employed a logistic mixed-effect model to analyze how poverty and living arrangements affect community-based service use. Living-alone older adults and elder-only couples were more likely than co-residing households to use services.

Life Course Trajectories of Later-Life Cognitive Functions: Does Social Engagement in Old Age Matter?

This study identified differential patterns of later-life cognitive function trajectories and examined to what extent life course factors and social engagement are associated with group trajectories. Data came from seven waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS 1998-2010; n = 7374; Observations = 41,051). Latent class growth analysis identified cognitive function trajectory groups, and multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the factors associated with group trajectories.

Simplified LCA and matrix methods in identifying the environmental aspects of a product system.

In order to effectively integrate environmental attributes into the product design and development processes, it is crucial to identify the significant environmental aspects related to a product system within a relatively short period of time. In this study, the usefulness of life cycle assessment (LCA) and a matrix method as tools for identifying the key environmental issues of a product system were examined. For this, a simplified LCA (SLCA) method that can be applied to Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEE) was developed to efficiently identify their significant environmental aspects for eco-design, since a full scale LCA study is usually very detailed, expensive and time-consuming.