Challenges in removing an aged spinal cord stimulator: A case study of complete fracture in a 9-year-old S-series paddle lead.

Introduction: This case report presents an instance of an S-Series™ slim paddle lead fracturing during extraction, highlighting potential risks associated with the removal of this lead.

Case Report: A 47-year-old male with complex regional pain syndrome type 2, unresponsive to pharmacotherapy, had undergone the implantation of two spinal cord stimulator (SCS) leads, an Octrode™ cylindrical and an S-series™ slim paddle, using the Epiducer™ system (St Jude Medical) 9 years earlier, with a subsequent intrathecal baclofen pump installed 1 year after SCS. Initially, these interventions stabilized the patient's pain symptoms.

Prediction of the Cervical Epidural Space Depth from the Skin Using Cervical X-Ray, During Cervical Epidural Block with Paramedian Approach.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the actual needle depth measured during cervical epidural block (CEB) with the predicted needle depth measured through a cervical flexion x-ray image at the paramedian approach.

Methods: The study was conducted based on the medical records of patients who underwent CEB at the pain clinic of Haeundae Paik Hospital. The actual needle distance (AD) was recorded after each successful CEB.

Ventilation Difficulty Caused by Obstructed Heated Breathing Circuit.

For perioperative hypothermia prevention, a heated, humidified breathing circuit equipped with a fluid-warming unit inside the inspiratory limb has been developed. We report a ventilation difficulty caused by an obstructed heated breathing circuit. Cotton surrounding the hot wire, temperature sensor, and fluid tubing in the distal inspiratory limb was irregularly thicker than that of a normal circuit and nearly blocked the lumen.

Transurethral resection of the prostate syndrome with severe lactic acidosis due to the use of sorbitol-mannitol irrigating fluid: A case report.

We report a case of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) syndrome with mild hyponatremia, severe lactic acidosis, and hypotension. A 73-year-old man with benign prostatic hyperplasia underwent monopolar TURP. Two episodes of hypotension occurred during the operation.

Nondirected Pd-catalyzed aerobic C-H alkenylation of ruthenocene and ferrocene.

Pd-catalyzed alkenylations of metallocenes C-H activation were developed using electronically tunable pyrazolonaphthyridine (PzNPy) ligands. Ferrocene was alkenylated using the most electron-deficient ligand in the series, whereas the less reactive ruthenocene needed balancing of the electrophilicity and stability of catalysts. Various alkenes were installed, allowing fine-tuning of redox potentials.

Transbronchial Lung Cryobiopsy for Diagnosing Interstitial Lung Disease: A Retrospective Single-Center Experience.

Background: An accurate diagnosis in patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) by multidisciplinary discussion (MDD) based on histopathologic information is essential for optimal treatment. Transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) has increasingly been used as a diagnostic alternative to surgical lung biopsy. This study aimed to evaluate the appropriate methods of TBLC in patients with ILD in Korea.

Sterically controlled C-H alkenylation of pyrroles and thiophenes.

Pd-catalyzed C-H alkenylations targeting the least hindered position of -alkyl pyrroles and 3-substituted thiophenes, as opposed to electronically controlled approaches, are developed. The steric demand and stable bidentate binding mode of the pyrazolonaphthyridine ligand are key to the success of these sterically controlled alkenylations using oxygen as an oxidant.

Synthesis of Bidentate Nitrogen Ligands by Rh-Catalyzed C-H Annulation and Their Application to Pd-Catalyzed Aerobic C-H Alkenylation.

A new class of bidentate ligands was prepared by a modular approach involving Rh-catalyzed C-H annulation reactions. The resulting conformationally constrained ligands enabled the Pd-catalyzed C-H alkenylation at electron-rich and sterically less hindered positions of electron-rich arenes while promoting the facile oxidation of Pd(0) intermediates by oxygen. This newly introduced ligand class is complementary to the ligands developed for Pd-catalyzed oxidative reactions and may find broad application in transition-metal-catalyzed reactions.

The Relationship between the Timing of Sugammadex Administration and the Upper Airway Obstruction during Awakening from Anesthesia: A Retrospective Study.

: The harmonization of recovery of consciousness and muscular function is important in emergence from anesthesia. Even if muscular function is recovered, tracheal extubation without adequate recovery of consciousness may increase the risk of respiratory complications. In particular, upper airway obstruction is one of the common respiratory complications and can sometimes be fatal.

Severe Atrophy of the Ipsilateral Psoas Muscle Associated with Hip Osteoarthritis and Spinal Stenosis-A Case Report.

Pathology of the lumbar spine and hip joint can commonly coexist in the elderly. Anterior and lateral leg pain as symptoms of hip osteoarthritis and spinal stenosis can closely resemble each other, with only subtle differences in both history and physical examinations. It is not easy to identify the origin of this kind of hip pain.

Evaluation of Contrast Flow Patterns with Cervical Interlaminar Epidural Injection: Comparison of Midline and Paramedian Approaches.

The purpose of this study was to compare and to analyze contrast spread patterns between the paramedian and midline approaches to cervical interlaminar epidural injection (CIEI). We retrospectively enrolled 84 CIEI cases that had been performed for unilateral cervical spinal pain from April 2019 to April 2020. After 3 mL of contrast had been injected into the epidural space, fluoroscopic images were obtained.

Effect of depth of anesthesia on the phase lag entropy in patients undergoing general anesthesia by propofol: A STROBE-compliant study.

The PLEM100 (Inbody Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea) is a device for measuring phase lag entropy (PLE), a recently developed index for the quantification of consciousness during sedation and general anesthesia.

Transition-metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization of pyrazoles.

This review describes recent advances in transition-metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization reactions of pyrazoles to form new C-C and C-heteroatom bonds on the pyrazole ring. In contrast to traditional cross-coupling reactions that require pre-functionalized pyrazoles, direct C-H functionalization reactions provide access to a wide range of functionalized pyrazoles in a single step. Various strategies are presented and the efficiency and regioselectivity are described with respect to the types of functional groups that are installed.

Comparison of Two Methods of Anesthesia Using Patient State Index: Propofol Versus Sevoflurane During Interventional Neuroradiology Procedure.

Background: Over the past few decades, interventional neuroradiology (INR) has been a rapidly growing and evolving area of neurosurgery. Sevoflurane and propofol are both suitable anesthetics for INR procedures. While the depth of anesthesia is widely monitored, few studies have examined the patient state index (PSI) during clinical neuroanesthesia.

Comparing the effect between continuous infusion and intermittent bolus of rocuronium for intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring of neurointervention under general anesthesia.

Background: Medical researchers have been reluctant to use neuromuscular blocking drugs (NMBD) during the use of intraoperative motor evoked potential (MEP) monitoring despite the possibility of patient movement. In this study, we compared the effects of no NMBD and continuous rocuronium infusion on the incidence of patient involuntary movement and MEP monitoring.

Methods: In this study, 80 patients who underwent neuro intervention with MEP monitoring were randomly assigned into 2 groups.

Sacral epiduroscopic laser decompression for complex regional pain syndrome after lumbar spinal surgery: A case report.

Rationale: CRPS after a lumbar surgery has symptoms that are similar to PSSS. However, standard criteria for distinguishing CRPS from PSSS do not exist. We present a case report of a 31-year-old female with CRPS symptoms after lumbar spinal surgery treated by performing SELD.

The timing of administration of intravenous dexmedetomidine during lower limb surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Dexmedetomidine, a selective alpha-2 agonist, has sedative, analgesic, and anxiolytic effects without respiratory depression. Dexmedetomidine can cause a biphasic cardiovascular response, and induce transient hypertension. Hypotension is a common complication of spinal anesthesia.

Cardiac arrest after sugammadex administration in a patient with variant angina: a case report.

A 76-year-old man with no notable medical history was scheduled for a robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. After the operation, he was given sugammadex. Two minutes later, ventricular premature contraction bigeminy began, followed by cardiac arrest.

Comparison of effects of intravenous midazolam and ketamine on emergence agitation in children: Randomized controlled trial.

Objective: A prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial to compare the effect of preoperative midazolam or ketamine on the incidence of emergence agitation (EA) following sevoflurane anaesthesia in children.

Methods: Paediatric patients (2-6 years old) undergoing ophthalmic surgery were allocated to receive premedication with either 0.1 mg/kg midazolam or 1 mg/kg ketamine.