Transcription factors and hormone receptors: Sex‑specific targets for cancer therapy (Review).

Despite advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic technologies, cancer continues to pose a challenge to disease-free longevity in humans. Numerous factors contribute to the onset and progression of cancer, among which sex differences, as an intrinsic biological condition, warrant further attention. The present review summarizes the roles of hormone receptors estrogen receptor α (ERα), estrogen receptor β (ERβ) and androgen receptor (AR) in seven types of cancer: Breast, prostate, ovarian, lung, gastric, colon and liver cancer.

Weighted vest intervention during whole-body circuit training improves serum resistin, insulin resistance, and cardiometabolic risk factors in normal-weight obese women.

Background And Objectives: Obesity is a well-known cause of cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. Normal-weight obesity, where the body mass index(BMI) is within the normal range but the body fat percentage is high, also adversely impacts cardiovascular and metabolic health. This study explored the effects of whole-body circuit training using a weighted vest on serum resistin, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in normal-weight obese women.

Recruitment feasibility and dietary and behavioral patterns in toddlers with ASD: Preliminary results from the Autism Eats program.

Background: Problematic mealtime behaviors and inadequate diet quality are pressing concerns for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study aimed to evaluate recruitment feasibility and baseline outcomes of the Autism Eats program for children under 3 years with ASD.

Methods: Recruitment feasibility was assessed through reach and participation rates.

Cytotoxic Peptaibols from , a Fungus Isolated from an Urban Soil Sample.

Soil sustains human life by nourishing crops, storing food sources, and housing microbes, which may affect the nutrition and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, some of which are used as drugs. To identify lead compounds for a new class of drugs, we collected soil-derived fungal strains from various environments, including urban areas. As various human pathogens are assumed to influence the biosynthetic pathways of metabolites in soil fungi, leading to the production of novel scaffolds, we focused our work on densely populated urban areas and tourist attractions.

Cytotoxic Peptaibols from .

Five new lipopeptaibols (-) and eight new 19-residue peptaibols (-) along with two known lipopeptaibols, lipovelutibols C () and D () were isolated from . The planar structures of the newly discovered peptaibols (-, -) were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR, and UPLC-MS/MS data. The absolute configurations for new peptaibols (-, -) were elucidated using the advanced Marfey's method and GITC (2,3,4,6-tetra--acetyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl isothiocyanate) derivatization.

Host-specific growth responses of Larix kaempferi and Quercus acutissima to Asian gypsy moth defoliation in central Korea.

As the risk of gypsy moth outbreaks that have detrimental effects on forest ecosystem in the Northern Hemisphere increase due to climate change, a quantitative evaluation of the impact of gypsy moth defoliation is needed to support the adaptive forest management. To evaluate the host-specific impact of gypsy moth defoliation, radial growth and annual carbon accumulation were compared for one severely defoliated (Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carrière) and one moderate defoliated (Quercus acutissima Carruth.

A systematic review of and reflection on the applications of factor mixture modeling.

Factor mixture modeling (FMM) incorporates both continuous latent variables and categorical latent variables in a single analytic model clustering items and observations simultaneously. After two decades since the introduction of FMM to psychological and behavioral science research, it is an opportune time to review FMM applications to understand how these applications are utilized in real-world research. We conducted a systematic review of 76 FMM applications.

Selection of climate variables in ant species distribution models: case study in South Korea.

The selection of explanatory variables is important in modeling prediction of changes in species distribution in response to climate change. In this study, we evaluated the importance of variable selection in species distribution models. We compared two different types of models for predicting the distribution of ant species: temperature-only and both temperature and precipitation.

Are "well" teachers "better" teachers? A look into the relationship between first-year teacher emotion and use of evidence-based instructional strategies.

Teachers experience significant stress with 93% reported high levels of stress (Herman et al., 2018), and literature examining teacher stress levels during the COVID-19 pandemic reveals that 30 percent of teachers experience significantly high levels of stress (Silva et al., 2021).

Effects of Thinning Intensity on Litterfall Production, Soil Chemical Properties, and Fine Root Distribution in Plantation in Republic of Korea.

It is crucial to evaluate the effects of thinning on litterfall production, soil chemical properties, and fine root dynamics when implementing thinning as a silvilcultural technique to enhance tree growth and timber yield in plantations. Thus, we determined the 10-year effects (2007-2017) of different thinning intensities on litterfall production, soil chemical properties, and fine root biomass and necromass within a plantation in South Korea. The soil chemical parameters and fine root biomass and necromass were also compared across three soil depths (0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm).

C-Reactive Protein Signaling Pathways in Tumor Progression.

Many cancers arise from sites of chronic inflammation, which creates an inflammatory microenvironment surrounding the tumor. Inflammatory substances secreted by cells in the inflammatory environment can induce the proliferation and survival of cancer cells, thereby promoting cancer metastasis and angiogenesis. Therefore, it is important to identify the role of inflammatory factors in cancer progression.

Development of the non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (NPEP) knowledge scale among Chinese men who have sex with men.

Background: Nonoccupational post-exposure prophylaxis (NPEP) is a short course of medication taken to reduce the likelihood of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection upon exposure. A review of the literature demonstrates an urgent need for an empirically validated instrument that measures detailed knowledge of NPEP among the key population of men who have sex with men (MSM).

Methods: Semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and a cross-sectional survey with a sample of 419 MSM was conducted in 2018 in China to develop and psychometrically evaluate the new instrument, the NPEP Knowledge Scale.

Faculty Time Expenditure Across Research, Teaching, and Service: Do Gender Differences Persist?

Faculty members are continually confronted with a multitude of activities among which they must divide their time. Prior research suggests that while men and women academics spend the same number of weekly hours working, women tend to expend more time on teaching and service relative to men while men expend more time on research relative to women. Based on cross-sectional survey data from a sample of 783 tenured or tenure-track faculty members from multiple universities, we examine gender differences in time spent in research, teaching, and university service.

Efficacy and safety of enavogliflozin, a novel SGLT2 inhibitor, in Korean people with type 2 diabetes: A 24-week, multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial.

Aims: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, enavogliflozin 0.3 mg monotherapy, in Korean people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled with diet and exercise.

Materials And Methods: This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in 23 hospitals.

Multi-informant Assessment of Internalizing Concerns: Rater Concordance and Implications for Decision-Making.

Rising rates of mental health challenges among youths have become a significant concern following the COVID 19 pandemic. Although strong evidence supports the implementation of universal screening as a preventative approach to address unmet mental health concerns, the research is less clear surrounding the use of such data in decision-making processes when significant discrepancies between informants (e.g.

Lipid raft protein flotillin-1 is important for the interaction between SOS1 and H-Ras/K-Ras, leading to Ras activation.

Ras mutations have been frequently observed in human cancer. Although there is a high degree of similarity between Ras isomers, they display preferential coupling in specific cancer types. The binding of Ras to the plasma membrane is essential for its activation and biological functions.

Covariate inclusion in factor mixture modeling: Evaluating one-step and three-step approaches under model misspecification and overfitting.

Factor mixture modeling (FMM) has been increasingly used in behavioral and social sciences to examine unobserved population heterogeneity. Covariates (e.g.

A nutrition education intervention to improve eating behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorder: Study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder that affects communication and social behaviors. Children with ASD often experience mealtime behavior challenges and selective eating behaviors. They also tend to consume fewer fruits and vegetables and more high-energy dense foods, compared to neurotypical peers.

Robustness of Latent Profile Analysis to Measurement Noninvariance Between Profiles.

Latent profile analysis (LPA) identifies heterogeneous subgroups based on continuous indicators that represent different dimensions. It is a common practice to measure each dimension using items, create composite or factor scores for each dimension, and use these scores as indicators of profiles in LPA. In this case, measurement models for dimensions are not included and potential noninvariance across latent profiles is not modeled in LPA.

Deep learning method for prediction of patient-specific dose distribution in breast cancer.

Background: Patient-specific dose prediction improves the efficiency and quality of radiation treatment planning and reduces the time required to find the optimal plan. In this study, a patient-specific dose prediction model was developed for a left-sided breast clinical case using deep learning, and its performance was compared with that of conventional knowledge-based planning using RapidPlan™.

Methods: Patient-specific dose prediction was performed using a contour image of the planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk (OARs) with a U-net-based modified dose prediction neural network.

Combined Approach to Multi-Informant Data Using Latent Factors and Latent Classes: Trifactor Mixture Model.

Although collecting data from multiple informants is highly recommended, methods to model the congruence and incongruence between informants are limited. Bauer and colleagues suggested the trifactor model that decomposes the variances into common factor, informant perspective factors, and item-specific factors. This study extends their work to the trifactor mixture model that combines the trifactor model and the mixture model.

7-ketocholesterol enhances autophagy via the ROS-TFEB signaling pathway in osteoclasts.

Oxysterols play a critical role in human health and diseases associated with high cholesterol and oxidative stress. Given that a positive correlation was observed between cholesterol and collagen type 1 fragment (CTX-1) or serum reactive oxygen species (ROS) in humans, we hypothesized that oxidized cholesterol metabolites may participate in cholesterol-induced bone loss. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the metabolite responsible for cholesterol-associated bone loss and evaluate its effect on osteoclasts (OCs) leading to bone loss.

CCL8 mediates crosstalk between endothelial colony forming cells and triple-negative breast cancer cells through IL-8, aggravating invasion and tumorigenicity.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive type of breast cancer with a poor prognosis for which no effective therapeutic measures are currently available. The present study aimed to investigate whether interactions with endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) promote aggressive progression of TNBC cells. Herein, using an indirect co-culture system, we showed that co-culture increased the invasive and migratory phenotypes of both MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells and ECFCs.