Rapid generation of aged tire-wear particles using dry-, wet-, and cryo-milling for ecotoxicity testing.

Strict environmental laws have been enacted to regulate the emission of exhaust particulate matter (PM), which is one of the most hazardous pollutants that reduce air quality and pose a serious risk to the human health. In addition, non-exhaust PM, such as road wear, tire wear, and brake wear debris, is a significant source of airborne pollutants. Road dust less than 100 μm in size may include tire wear particles (TWPs), which are broken down into finer particles with sizes on the order of tens of micrometers because of weathering.

Overall distribution of tire-wear particles, nano‑carbon black, and heavy metals in size-fractionated road dust collected from steel industrial complexes.

Tire-wear particles (TWP) from vehicles serves as a non-exhaust emission source. The mass content of metallic species in road dust may increase owing to the traffic of heavy vehicles and industrial activity; consequently, metallic particles are also present in road dust. Herein, road dust collected from steel industrial complexes with high traffic of high-weight vehicles and the composition distribution of five size-fractioned particle sizes were analyzed.

Quantitative analysis of the concentration of nano‑carbon black originating from tire-wear particles in the road dust.

Exhaust and non-exhaust particulate matter (PM) is regarded as the most significant airborne during driving. Among the source of non-exhaust PM, the tire-wear particles (TWP) can be quantified using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS). TWPs are fragmented by continuous weathering once exposed to the road.

Estimation of the concentration of nano-carbon black in tire-wear particles using emission factors of PM, PM and black carbon.

Particulate matter (PM) from automobile exhaust has drastic effects on human health. The enforcement of environmental laws has controlled vehicle emissions and reduced the total PM. However, another significant source of PM is debris from tire wear, break wear, and road wear.