Characterization of post-inflammatory irritable bowel syndrome animal model following acute colitis recovery.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent disorder with an unclear pathophysiology. This study aimed to investigate the features of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced low-grade inflammation using murine models of acute severe colitis (acute model) and chronic mild repeated colitis (chronic model), with potential implications for IBS research. The acute model was induced with 3% DSS for 5 days, followed by a 12-week recovery period.

An artificial intelligence-powered PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS) analyser in urothelial carcinoma alleviating interobserver and intersite variability.

Aims: Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) have shown promising clinical outcomes in urothelial carcinoma (UC). The combined positive score (CPS) quantifies PD-L1 22C3 expression in UC, but it can vary between pathologists due to the consideration of both immune and tumour cell positivity.

Methods And Results: An artificial intelligence (AI)-powered PD-L1 CPS analyser was developed using 1,275,907 cells and 6175.

Necrotizing Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System Mimicking Brain Abscess: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is a rare vasculitis in the central nervous system. Herein, we report a case of diagnosis and treatment of necrotic pattern PACNS, which was difficult to differentiate from a brain abscess. A 19-year-old male presented with blurred vision and a headache.

Does Bladder Cancer Subtype Influence Pathologic Complete Response (pCR) and Pelvic Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DW-MRI) Response Evaluation After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy? Pathological Perspective.

Introduction: We aimed to provide a pathological perspective on the management of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) by correlating the prechemotherapy transurethral resection of bladder tumor findings and postchemotherapy radiologic evaluation with final radical cystectomy (RC) findings.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 79 MIBC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and RC. Pelvic diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) and pathologic reports were retrieved from our institutional database.

Invasive urothelial carcinoma with chordoid features or abundant myxoid stroma: A reappraisal of morphologic spectrum and risk stratification based on molecular classification.

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) with myxoid stroma or chordoid features is a rare diagnosis. We retrospectively collected data from 17 cases of diagnosed UC with myxoid stroma, mucin production, or chordoid features. We aimed to investigate the molecular subtypes of this neoplasm and to assess subtype correlations with clinical outcomes.

Clinical Significance of Variable Histomorphologic Findings Related to Mucosal Inflammation in Negative Appendectomy.

The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical significance of various histomorphologic findings related to mucosal inflammation in negative appendectomy. We reviewed histopathologic findings of 118 negative appendectomies and correlated them with the appendicitis inflammatory response (AIR) score and appendiceal diameter. Among 118 patients with negative appendectomy, 94 (80%), 73 (78%) and 89 (75%) patients displayed mucosal inflammation, high neutrophil score (neutrophil count ≥10/5 high power field and surface epithelial flattening, respectively.

Diagnostic value of urine cytology in detecting histologic variants of urothelial carcinomas in the urinary bladder: Cytopathologic correlation of 72 cases.

Background: Precise identification of histologic variants in urothelial carcinoma (UC) is important because some histologic types have a poor prognosis and clinical management varies. Urine cytology is used for bladder cancer screening, but the cytomorphologic features of histologic variants have not been well described. In the current study, we evaluate the effectiveness of urine cytology in detecting histologic variants of UC in the urinary bladder.

Histologically confirmed distant metastatic urothelial carcinoma from the urinary bladder: a retrospective review of one institution's 20-year experience.

Background: Urothelial carcinoma (UC) accounts for roughly 90% of bladder cancer, and has a high propensity for diverse differentiation. Recently, certain histologic variants of UC have been recognized to be associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes. Several UC studies have also suggested that tumor budding is a poor prognostic marker.

Prognostic perspectives of PD-L1 combined with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, Epstein-Barr virus, and microsatellite instability in gastric carcinomas.

Background: The prognostic potential of PD-L1 is currently unclear in gastric carcinomas, although the immune checkpoint PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have produced promising results in clinical trials.

Methods: We explored the prognostic implications of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in 514 consecutive surgically-resected gastric carcinomas. Overall survival and recurrence-free survival were evaluated.

Development of Acellular Respiratory Mucosal Matrix Using Porcine Tracheal Mucosa.

Background: Respiratory mucosa defects result in airway obstruction and infection, requiring subsequent functional recovery of the respiratory epithelium. Because site-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) facilitates restoration of organ function by promoting cellular migration and engraftment, previous studies considered decellularized trachea an ideal ECM; however, incomplete cell removal from cartilage and mucosal-architecture destruction are frequently reported. Here, we developed a decellularization protocol and applied it to the respiratory mucosa of separated porcine tracheas.

Therapeutic effects of three human-derived materials in a mouse corneal alkali burn model.

To compare the therapeutic effects of human derivatives in a mouse alkali burn model. The right eyes of mice were injured using NaOH. After alkali injury, one of the following agents was topically administered for 7 d: human amniotic membrane (hAM) suspension, human umbilical cord serum (hUCS), and human peripheral blood serum (hPBS), or saline.

Clinicopathological and molecular analysis of multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumors of the cerebrum.

Multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor (MVNT) of the cerebrum is a recently recognized rare neuronal tumor, and its pathogenesis is unclear. We analyzed 7 cases of histologically typical MVNT: 6 were adults (mean age, 43.0 years [range, 23-56 years]) and 1 was a child (age, 10 years).

Feasibility of autologous plasma gel for tonsil-derived stem cell therapeutics in hypoparathyroidism.

Hypoparathyroidism is a deficiency of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the body. We previously reported the possibility of treating it using tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs) differentiated into PTH-releasing cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using autologous plasma gel as scaffold material in treatment of hypoparathyroidism with TMSC.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: A retrospective study of clinicopathologic features and related Akt/mTOR, STAT3, ERK, cyclin D1, and PD-L1 expression.

Background: Little is known regarding oncoproteins other than platelet-derived growth factor subunit B in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP). Moreover, the risk factors for worse prognosis are controversial.

Objective: We sought to determine the clinicopathologic features and key factors for adverse outcome in DFSP, including the implication of expression of protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), cyclin D1, and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1).

Expression patterns of STAT3, ERK and estrogen-receptor α are associated with development and histologic severity of hepatic steatosis: a retrospective study.

Background: Hepatic steatosis renders hepatocytes vulnerable to injury, resulting in the progression of preexisting liver disease. Previous animal and cell culture studies implicated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and estrogen-receptor α in the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis and disease progression. However, to date there have been few studies performed using human liver tissue to study hepatic steatosis.

Implication of Leptin-Signaling Proteins and Epstein-Barr Virus in Gastric Carcinomas.

We investigated the clinicopathological implications of leptin-signaling proteins and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infection status in gastric carcinomas. Immunohistochemistry for leptin signalling-related proteins (leptin, leptin-receptor, pSTAT3, ERK, pAkt, mTOR and HIF-1 alpha), and in situ hybridization for EBV-encoded small RNAs was performed in 343 cases of gastric carcinomas. The siRNA against leptin-receptor was transfected into three stomach cancer cell lines, and western blot for caspase 3 was performed.

Histomorphological and Immunophenotypic Features of Pill-Induced Esophagitis.

The aim of this study was to investigate histomorphological and immunophenotypic features in pill-induced esophagitis. We comparatively evaluated the histomorphological, immunophenotypic features of pill-induced esophagitis vs. reflux esophagitis, as well as clinical information and endoscopic findings.

High-risk human papillomavirus load and biomarkers in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer.

The purpose of this study was to examine the implication of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) load in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cancer, and to detect biomarkers in cervical disease. We conducted high-risk HPV DNA load and cervical cytology tests in 343 women, cervical tissue biopsy in 143 women, and immunohistochemistry for p16(INK4A), cyclin D1, p53, cyclooxygenase-2, Ki-67, GLUT1, hPygopus2, and beta-catenin. As a result, HPV load [relative light units (RLU) value] was correlated with the histological severity of cervical disease (p < 0.