Carrier behavior of a carbon material assisted TIPS-pentacene composite film for improvement of electrical conductivity.

Organic semiconductor devices have a lower intrinsic carrier density than inorganic semiconductors, and improving their electrical conductivity is important for organic electronic devices. Further theoretical investigations and understanding the properties of these electronic devices are necessary to improve the electrical conductivity of organic devices. In this study, we demonstrate how two carbon-material-assisted organic semiconductor devices affect the electrical conductivity and charge mechanism by using electrical measurements (, - and - measurements, and numerical simulations).

Nanostructure engineering in organic semiconductor devices toward interface matching.

The performance of organic semiconductor devices with heterojunctions between the organic semiconductors and electrodes can be improved by reducing the contact resistance. In this study, we have developed nanopatterned electrodes that gradually change the impedance at the interface between the metal and organic semiconductor in organic devices, which were fabricated in periodic patterns using nanoimprint lithography. The imprint pattern spacing was changed to control the interface between the metal and organic semiconductor to ensure smooth carrier injection.

The effect of objective structured clinical examinations for nursing students.

Twenty core nursing skills have been identified by the Korean Accreditation Board of Nursing Education. Proficiency in these skills is essential for all nursing professions, and many educational strategies exist to develop these skills in nursing students, including the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). To date, no study on the effects of the OSCE on nursing education has been published.

Portable Iontophoresis Device for Efficient Drug Delivery.

The timely delivery of drugs to specific locations in the body is imperative to ensure the efficacy of treatment. This study introduces a portable facial device that can deliver drugs efficiently using iontophoresis. Two types of power supplies-direct current and pulse ionization supplies-were manufactured by injection molding.

Clinical Work and Life of Mid-Career Male Nurses: A Qualitative Study.

In Korea, about 3000 qualified male nurses enter the clinical nursing field annually; however, they face challenges in long-term job retention in general hospitals. Therefore, this study characterized the work and life experiences of mid-career male nurses engaged in clinical nursing care. Participants were nine registered nurses with a minimum of five years' work experience in a general hospital in Korea.

The Impacts of Pilates and Yoga on Health-Promoting Behaviors and Subjective Health Status.

This study investigates whether Pilates and yoga lead people to adopt generally health-promoting lifestyle elements and feel better about their physical and mental fitness. To this end, we designed an 8 week exercise program of Pilates and yoga reviewed by veteran practitioners and conducted an experimental study through which we collected the data from 90 volunteered adult subjects between ages 30 and 49 (mean age = 35.47), equally represented by women and men without previous experience with Pilates or yoga.

Fabrication and Characterization of Aluminum Nanoparticle-Reinforced Composites.

With the expanding use of polymers in modern our lives, there is an increasing need to manufacture advanced engineering polymeric parts in a systematic and inexpensive way. Herein, we developed an organic inorganic hybrid composite material with excellent mechanical properties by enhancing the dispersion and moldability of fillers. For this, we prepared and analyzed the physical properties of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)/aluminum nanoparticle composites.

Effective Dispensing Methods for Loading Drugs Only to the Tip of DNA Microneedles.

Here, we propose a novel and simple method to efficiently capture the diffusion of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran from a biocompatible substance and load the drug only to the tip of DNA microneedles. A dispensing and suction method was chosen to fabricate the designed microneedles with efficient amounts of FITC as the drug model. Importantly, the vacuum process, which could influence the capturing of FITC diffusion from the tip, was evaluated during the manufacturing process.

Carrier transport of all carbonized β-glucosic eco-materials.

Attempts have been made to bring eco-friendly biomaterials into high-end electronic devices that require both high performance and durability. Polysaccharides, glycosidically linked monosaccharide units, are of particular interest because they serve as a promising material, owing to their environmentally friendly and adaptable features. We used a carbonized polysaccharide eco-material encompassing nanoparticles and chitosan to study the carrier-transport behavior of β-glucosic materials.

Ultrasonically and Iontophoretically Enhanced Drug-Delivery System Based on Dissolving Microneedle Patches.

A multifunctional system comprised of hyaluronic acid microneedles was developed as an effective transdermal delivery platform for rapid local delivery. The microneedles can regulate the filling amount on the tip, by controlling the concentration of hyaluronic acid solution. Ultrasonication induces dissolution of the HA microneedles via vibration of acoustic pressure, and AC iontophoresis improves the electrostatic force-driven diffusion of HA ions and rhodamine B.

Surface analysis of curved polymeric plates irradiated with proton and ion beams.

We explored surface characteristics of polycarbonate substrates which were subjected to proton and nitrogen ion beams. Curved plates designed for a plastic window of a cell phone were fabricated using injection molding, and the process was simulated numerically. Different energy densities of proton and nitrogen ion beams were applied in this study.

Microneedles integrated with a triboelectric nanogenerator: an electrically active drug delivery system.

In this study, a combined system of microneedles and a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has been developed for drug delivery. A triboelectric device, which converts mechanical energy into alternating current (AC), was chosen to replace the electrophoresis (EP) effect. To directly generate triboelectricity from salmon deoxyribonucleic acid (SDNA)-based microneedles, a triboelectric series of SDNA film and chargeable polymers (polyimide and Teflon) was studied.

Chemically Controlled Epigenome Editing through an Inducible dCas9 System.

Although histone modifications are associated with gene activities, studies of their causal relationships have been difficult. For this purpose, we developed an inducible system integrating dCas9-based targeting and chemically induced proximity technologies to allow small molecule induced recruitment of P300 acetyltransferase and the acetylation of H3K27 at precise gene loci in cells. Employing the new technique, we elucidated the temporal order of histone acetylation and gene activation, as well as the stability of the installed histone modification.

Sex Differences in Fear of Falling among Older Adults with Low Grip Strength.

Background: Fear of falling is not only a risk factor for falls, but it is also an important clinical predictor of functional decline in older adults. This study identified sex differences in fear of falling and related factors in older adults with low grip strength.

Methods: The data of 902 older adults from the 2012 Korean National Survey, conducted as a research project by the Korea Employment Information Service, were analyzed.

Analysis of Carrier Transport of Organic Devices by Using Nonlinear Optical Polarization.

In this review, we discuss the Maxwell-Wagner (MW) effect model analysis of organic devices and time-resolved optical second harmonic generation (TR-EFISHG) measurement that is available for directly probing carrier motion in organic semiconductor devices. Using these, we show that organic field effect transistor as well organic double-layer device operation is analyzed well, and we can make clear the mechanism of these organic devices' operation. Finally, we conclude that the dielectric physics approach using the MW model analysis and the TR-EFISHG experiment is useful to study carrier transport mechanism of organic devices.

Effect of the fragrance inhalation of essential oil from Asarum heterotropoides on depression-like behaviors in mice.

Background: Psychological stressors may cause affective disorders, such as depression and anxiety, by altering expressions of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), serotonin (5-HT), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the brain. This study investigated the effects of essential oil from Asarum heterotropoides (EOAH) on depression-like behaviors and brain expressions of CRF, 5-HT, and TH in mice challenged with stress.

Methods: Male ICR mice received fragrance inhalation of EOAH (0.

Optical second harmonic generation imaging for visualizing in-plane electric field distribution.

The electric field distribution in electronic devices, particularly in the organic devices, was visualized by the optical second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging technique on the basis of electric field induced SHG (EFISHG). Two-dimensional SHG images from organic field effect transistor using pentacene were taken with a cooled CCD camera, and the SHG images showed the electric field was successfully visualized with a resolution of 1 mum. The SHG imaging method provides us a novel technique for visualizing the electric field distribution in actual devices under device operation.

Anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activity of 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol.

4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol (HBA), one of the well-known phenolic compounds in diverse plants, displayed a significant inhibition in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) angiogenesis assay. HBA was shown to contain an anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced air pouch model in rats and acetic acid-induced permeability model in mice. Anti-nociceptive activity of HBA was also assessed using the acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice.

Anti-angiogenic activity of the methanol extract and its fractions of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica.

This study aimed to elucidate anti-angiogenic activity of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica that has been widely used in folk medicine. The methanol extract (UDE) of Ulmus davidiana var.

Anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic activities of Gastrodia elata Blume.

Gastrodia elata Blume rhizome has been traditionally used as a folk medicine for centuries in Oriental countries. Its ethanol extract (GEE) and subsequent fractions were used to evaluate anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and related activities of Gastrodia elata. GEE potently inhibited angiogenesis in the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay, and its n-butanol fraction (BuOH) exerted the higher inhibitory effect.