A Review of Cognitive and Behavioral Interventions for Tic Disorder.

Objectives: Tic disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple involuntary movements of muscles or vocalization. Although tic symptoms subside as the patient ages, some patients suffer from significant functional impairments related to severe tic symptoms. This manuscript aimed to review the latest scientific evidences for the effect of cognitive-behavioral interventions on tic disorder.

Clinical Characteristics and Associated Risk Factors of Prediabetes in the Southwestern Region of Korea from 2010-2019.

This study investigated the clinical characteristics and associated risk factors of prediabetes in the southwestern region of Korea. A total of 323 subjects from 13 prediabetes studies were included in the data analysis. Subjects with prediabetes were divided into the following subtypes: (1) normal glucose tolerance (NGT) with HbA1c 5.

Phosphoglucomutase1 is necessary for sustained cell growth under repetitive glucose depletion.

Phosphoglucomutase (PGM)1 catalyzes the reversible conversion reaction between glucose-1-phosphate (G-1-P) and glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P). Although both G-1-P and G-6-P are important intermediates for glucose and glycogen metabolism, the biological roles and regulatory mechanisms of PGM1 are largely unknown. In this study we found that T553 is obligatory for PGM1 stability and the last C-terminal residue, T562, is critical for its activity.

Changes in longitudinal craniofacial growth in subjects with normal occlusions using the Ricketts analysis.

Objective: This study was designed to define the Korean norm values for the Ricketts analysis.

Methods: In this longitudinal study, lateral cephalograms of 31 subjects with normal occlusion were taken biennially from ages 9-19 years. Cephalometric measurements were performed.

Lipin1 regulates PPARγ transcriptional activity.

PPARγ (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ) is a master transcription factor involved in adipogenesis through regulating adipocyte-specific gene expression. Recently, lipin1 was found to act as a key factor for adipocyte maturation and maintenance by modulating the C/EBPα (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α) and PPARγ network; however, the precise mechanism by which lipin1 affects the transcriptional activity of PPARγ is largely unknown. The results of the present study show that lipin1 activates PPARγ by releasing co-repressors, NCoR1 (nuclear receptor co-repressor 1) and SMRT (silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid hormone receptor), from PPARγ in the absence of the ligand rosiglitazone.

FoxO1 regulates Tlr4 inflammatory pathway signalling in macrophages.

The macrophage-mediated inflammatory response is a key etiologic component of obesity-related tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. The transcriptional factor FoxO1 is a key regulator of cell metabolism, cell cycle and cell death. Its activity is tightly regulated by the phosphoinositide-3-kinase-AKT (PI3K-Akt) pathway, which leads to phosphorylation, cytoplasmic retention and inactivation of FoxO1.

Mechanical properties of self-drilling orthodontic micro-implants with different diameters.

Objective: The hypothesis to be tested is that peak-insertion torque of self-drilling micro-implants of an appropriate diameter correlates with peak-removal torque mechanically.

Materials And Methods: A total of 360 self-drilling micro-implants composed of five different types were used. They (24 of each group) were inserted in three types of artificial bone with the use of a driving torque tester at a speed of 15 rpm.

Vertically aligned carbon-nanotube arrays showing Schottky behavior at room temperature.

Vertically aligned carbon-nanotube (CNT) arrays were fabricated in the thin-film anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates on silicon wafers utilizing a niobium (Nb) thin film as the source electrode. The average diameter of the CNTs was 25 nm, and the number density was 3 x 10(10) cm(-2). The CNT arrays synthesized at 700 degrees C and above exhibited Schottky behavior even at 300 K, with energy gaps between 0.