Nasal and Pharyngeal Mucosal Immunity to Poliovirus in Children Following Routine Immunization With Inactivated Polio Vaccine in the United States.

Background: Although polioviruses (PVs) replicate in lymphoid tissue of both the pharynx and ileum, research on polio vaccine-induced mucosal immunity has predominantly focused on intestinal neutralizing and binding antibody levels measured in stool.

Methods: To investigate the extent to which routine immunization with intramuscularly injected inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) may induce nasal and pharyngeal mucosal immunity, we measured PV type-specific neutralization and immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgA, and IgM levels in nasal secretions, adenoid cell supernatants, and sera collected from 12 children, aged 2-5 years, undergoing planned adenoidectomies. All participants were routinely immunized with IPV and had no known contact with live PVs.

A deep learning algorithm to detect cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma on frozen sections in Mohs micrographic surgery: A retrospective assessment.

Intraoperative margin analysis is crucial for the successful removal of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCC). Artificial intelligence technologies (AI) have previously demonstrated potential for facilitating rapid and complete tumour removal using intraoperative margin assessment for basal cell carcinoma. However, the varied morphologies of cSCC present challenges for AI margin assessment.

Paired-agent imaging as a rapid margin screening method in Mohs micrographic surgery.

Background: Mohs micrographic surgery is a procedure used for non-melanoma skin cancers that has 97-99% cure rates largely owing to 100% margin analysis enabled by sectioning with real-time, iterative histologic assessment. However, the technique is limited to small and aggressive tumors in high-risk areas because the histopathological preparation and assessment is very time intensive. To address this, paired-agent imaging (PAI) can be used to rapidly screen excised specimens and identify tumor positive margins for guided and more efficient microscopic evaluation.

A deep learning algorithm to detect cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma on frozen sections in Mohs micrographic surgery: a retrospective assessment.

Importance: Intraoperative margin analysis is crucial for the successful removal of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCC). Artificial intelligence technologies (AI) have previously demonstrated potential for facilitating rapid and complete tumor removal using intraoperative margin assessment for basal cell carcinoma. However, the varied morphologies of cSCC present challenges for AI margin assessment.

Rapid and Quantitative Intraoperative Pathology-Assisted Surgery by Paired-Agent Imaging-Derived Confidence Map.

Purpose: In nonmetastatic head and neck cancer treatment, surgical margin status is the most important prognosticator of recurrence and patient survival. Fresh frozen sectioning (FFS) of tissue margins is the standard of care for intraoperative margin assessment. However, FFS is time intensive, and its accuracy is not consistent among institutes.

Cognitive-Behavioral Versus Supportive Psychotherapy for Intermittent Explosive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Few clinical trials have evaluated the efficacy of psychotherapy for Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED). The present study tested the efficacy of a cognitive behavioral intervention (versus supportive psychotherapy) among adults with IED. In this randomized clinical trial, 44 participants with IED (22 men and 22 women) aged 20-55 years completed twelve 50-minute individual sessions of either a multi-component cognitive behavioral intervention for IED (n = 19) or a time equated supportive psychotherapy (n = 25).

The effect of dialectical behavior therapy on anger and aggressive behavior: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Dysregulated anger, and its common behavioral urge, aggression, pose substantial costs to public health and society. Though some studies have shown DBT to be efficacious in treating aggression and anger dyscontrol, the overall effects of DBT on these outcomes are unknown. To address this limitation, a systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted on 34 studies (N = 2536) published in PsycINFO and PubMed between January 1994 and February 2022 assessing the effect of DBT on anger and/or aggression.

Negative mood induction effects on problem-solving task in women with eating disorders: a multi-method examination.

Background: The effects of negative affect on problem-solving and its psychophysiological correlates are poorly understood in eating disorder populations.

Methods: This study examined respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and skin conductance responses of women with Binge Eating Disorder (BED: n = 56), Anorexia Nervosa (AN: n = 12), Bulimia Nervosa (BN: n = 32), and 24 healthy controls (HCs) at baseline, and then during: a negative mood induction task, an adapted Means Ends Problem-Solving (MEPS) task, and recovery. The MEPS task included four interpersonal scenarios: (1) binge-eating as a solution to stress, (2) job loss, (3) rejection by friends, and (4) by a significant other.

High-Level Executive Functions: A Possible Role of Sex and Weight Condition in Planning and Decision-Making Performances.

Evidence indicates an association between executive functioning and increased weight, with different patterns ascribed to individual differences (sex, age, lifestyles). This study reports on the relationship between high-level executive functions and body weight. Sixty-five young adults participated in the study: 29 participants (14 males, 15 females) in the normal weight range; 36 participants (18 males, 18 females) in the overweight range.

Physical activity interventions have a moderate effect in increasing physical activity in university students-a meta-analysis.

Introduction: The transition to college is associated with changes in physical activity. This meta-analysis aims to quantify the effect of interventions on increasing physical activity in healthy university students.

Methods: We conducted a literature search (up to 2/3/2020) to identify randomized controlled trials with healthy undergraduate or graduate students enrolled in a college degree program.

Evaluation of a Refined Implantable Resonator for Deep-Tissue EPR Oximetry in the Clinic.

Objectives: (1) Summarize revisions made to the implantable resonator (IR) design and results of testing to characterize biocompatibility;(2) Demonstrate safety of implantation and feasibility of deep tissue oxygenation measurement using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry.

Study Design: In vitro testing of the revised IR and in vivo implantation in rabbit brain and leg tissues.

Methods: Revised IRs were fabricated with 1-4 OxyChips with a thin wire encapsulated with two biocompatible coatings.

First-In-Human Study in Cancer Patients Establishing the Feasibility of Oxygen Measurements in Tumors Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance With the OxyChip.

Objective: The overall objective of this clinical study was to validate an implantable oxygen sensor, called the 'OxyChip', as a clinically feasible technology that would allow individualized tumor-oxygen assessments in cancer patients prior to and during hypoxia-modification interventions such as hyperoxygen breathing.

Methods: Patients with any solid tumor at ≤3-cm depth from the skin-surface scheduled to undergo surgical resection (with or without neoadjuvant therapy) were considered eligible for the study. The OxyChip was implanted in the tumor and subsequently removed during standard-of-care surgery.

Improved Discrimination of Tumors with Low and Heterogeneous EGFR Expression in Fluorescence-Guided Surgery Through Paired-Agent Protocols.

Purpose: The goal of fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) in oncology is to improve the surgical therapeutic index by enhancing contrast between cancerous and healthy tissues. However, optimal discrimination between these tissues is complicated by the nonspecific uptake and retention of molecular targeted agents and the variance of fluorescence signal. Paired-agent imaging (PAI) employs co-administration of an untargeted imaging agent with a molecular targeted agent, providing a normalization factor to minimize nonspecific and varied signals.

Identification of a Suitable Untargeted Agent for the Clinical Translation of ABY-029 Paired-Agent Imaging in Fluorescence-Guided Surgery.

Purpose: Non-specific uptake and retention of molecular targeted agents and heterogeneous tissue optical properties diminish the ability to differentiate between tumor and normal tissues using molecular targeted fluorescent agents. Paired-agent imaging (PAI) can increase the diagnostic ability to detect tumor tissue by mitigating these non-specific effects and providing true molecular contrast by co-administration of an untargeted control imaging agent with a targeted agent. This study evaluates the suitability of available clinically translatable untargeted agents for the translation of PAI in fluorescence-guided surgery using an affibody-based targeted imaging agent (ABY-029).

Diagnosis and management of oral cavity lipoblastoma and lipoblastomatosis in an 8-month-old boy.

Lipoblastoma/lipoblastomatosis presents some unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges when encountered in the oral cavity. In these rare cases, diagnostic confirmation with molecular testing and a conservative surgical resection can contribute to successful management.

When is surgical resection alone appropriate treatment for pediatric nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma?

The surgeon's role in the management of lymphoma is typically limited to performing biopsies for diagnosis. Most patients with lymphoma are treated with chemotherapy and/or radiation, but in rare cases, lymphoma can be primarily treated with surgery. We present a case of nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma in a 4-year-old child with cervical adenopathy and discuss initial treatment with surgery alone.

Emotion and Psychophysiological Responses During Emotion-Eliciting Film Clips in an Eating Disorders Sample.

Greater vulnerability to negative emotions appears associated with the development and maintenance of eating disorders (EDs). A systematic review of psychophysiological studies using emotion-eliciting film clips reveals that there are no studies examining the effect of standardized validated film clips on psychophysiological response across a range of EDs. Using standardized validated film clips without ED-specific content, the present study examined self-reported emotions and psychophysiological responses of women with Binge-Eating Disorder (BED; = 57), Anorexia Nervosa (AN; = 16), Bulimia Nervosa (BN; = 34), and Healthy Controls (HCs; = 26) at Baseline, during Neutral, Sad, Happy, and Fear-inducing film clips, and at Recovery.

OxyChip Implantation and Subsequent Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Oximetry in Human Tumors Is Safe and Feasible: First Experience in 24 Patients.

Tumor hypoxia confers both a poor prognosis and increased resistance to oncologic therapies, and therefore, hypoxia modification with reliable oxygen profiling during anticancer treatment is desirable. The OxyChip is an implantable oxygen sensor that can detect tumor oxygen levels using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry. We report initial safety and feasibility outcomes after OxyChip implantation in a first-in-humans clinical trial (NCT02706197, www.

Obesity is associated with reduced orbitofrontal cortex volume: A coordinate-based meta-analysis.

Neural models of obesity vary in their focus upon prefrontal and striatal differences. Animal and human studies suggest that differential functioning of the orbitofrontal cortex is associated with obesity. However, meta-analyses of functional neuroimaging studies have not found a clear relationship between the orbitofrontal cortex and obesity.

Multi-method assessment of palatable food exposure in women with and without eating disorders.

Objective: Eating disorders (EDs) are characterized by dysregulated responses to palatable food. Using a multi-method approach, this study examined responses to palatable food exposure and subsequent ad libitum eating in women with binge-eating disorder (BED: n = 64), anorexia nervosa (AN: n = 16), and bulimia nervosa (BN: n = 35) and 26 healthy controls (HCs).

Method: Participants were exposed to palatable food followed by an ad libitum eating opportunity.

Hunger and BMI modulate neural responses to sweet stimuli: fMRI meta-analysis.

Objective: Consuming sweet foods, even when sated, can lead to unwanted weight gain. Contextual factors, such as longer time fasting, subjective hunger, and body mass index (BMI), may increase the likelihood of overeating. Nevertheless, the neural mechanisms underlying these moderating influences on energy intake are poorly understood.

Examining Adolescence as a Sensitive Period for High-Fat, High-Sugar Diet Exposure: A Systematic Review of the Animal Literature.

Animal studies suggest that poor nutrition (e.g., high-fat, high-sugar diets) may lead to impairments in cognitive functioning.

Paired-agent imaging for detection of head and neck cancers.

Head and neck cancers overwhelmingly overexpress epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). This overexpression has been utilized for head and neck cancers using molecular targeted agents for therapy and cancer cell detection. Significant progress has been made in using EGFR-targeted fluorescent antibody and Affibody molecule agents for fluorescent guided surgery in head and neck cancers.

Measuring Flap Oxygen Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Oximetry.

Objectives/hypothesis: To determine if electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry is a viable technology to aid in flap monitoring.

Study Design: Prospective cohort.

Methods: This was a cohort study assessing accuracy and speed of EPR oximetry in detecting ischemia of a saphenous artery-based flap in a rat model, using transcutaneous oximetry as a control.