The burden of hospital acquired infections and antimicrobial resistance.

The burden of Hospital care-associated infections (HCAIs) is becoming a global concern. This is compounded by the emergence of virulent and high-risk bacterial strains such as "ESKAPE" pathogens - (, , , , and species), especially within Intensive care units (ICUs) that house high-risk and immunocompromised patients. In this review, we discuss the contributions of AMR pathogens to the increasing burden of HCAIs and provide insights into AMR mechanisms, with a particular focus on last-resort antibiotics like polymyxins.

Profiling : sporulation, survival strategy and response to environmental factors.

is the causative agent of Buruli ulcer - a necrotizing skin infection. As an environmental pathogen, it has developed stress response mechanisms for survival. Similar to endospore formation in , it is likely that employs sporulation mechanisms for its survival and transmission.

Calcium Potentiated Carbapenem Effectiveness Against Resistant Species.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains a global health challenge, as bacteria display increasing resistance to last-resort antibiotics such as carbapenems. are evolving and developing high level of resistance to carbapenems. With increasing AMR, availability of antibiotics for treatment dwindles, hence a need to complement antibiotics to enhance activity or reduce the level of resistance.

Microbial safety implications of in-use topical diagnostic ophthalmic medications in eye clinics in Ghana.

Purpose: To determine the microbial contaminants and its clinical importance in topical diagnostic ophthalmic medications (cycloplegics/mydriatics and miotics) in eye clinics in Ghana.

Method: A cross-section of eye clinics was sampled for the diagnostic agents (Atropine, Phenylephrine, Tropicamide and Cyclopentolate, Pilocarpine). Standard laboratory procedures and protocols were observed in culturing the samples on different Agars.