Emotion Perception Rules Abide by Cultural Display Rules.

The current study compared emotion perception in two cultures where display rules for emotion expression deviate. In Experiment 1, participants from America and Korea played a repeated prisoner's dilemma game with a counterpart, who was, in actuality, a programmed . Emotion expressions were exchanged via emoticons at the end of every round.

Perception of interprofessional education and educational needs of students in South Korea: A comparative study.

Due to the recent emphasis on the importance of interprofessional education (IPE) in healthcare fields, interest in IPE introduction is increasing in South Korea. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in perceptions of medical, nursing, and pharmacy students regarding IPE. Also, the study aimed at identifying the priority rankings of educational needs by analyzing the differences between students' perceptions of the importance level and the present level for each interprofessional competency.

Simple action planning can affect attentional allocation in subsequent visual search.

Previous research has shown that mental representations of actions can influence performance on relevant tasks or dimensions even when there is no overt execution of the action. In this study, we examined whether cognitive processes prior to the physical execution of an action can elicit attentional bias towards irrelevant tasks or dimensions of that action. Participants performed two independent tasks-an action task and a search task-where they were instructed to plan an action and execute the action following the visual search task.

The effectiveness of interprofessional education programs for medical, nursing, and pharmacy students.

Purpose: This study is to develop an interprofessional education (IPE) program for medical, nursing, and pharmacy students and to analyze the effectiveness.

Methods: Subjects consisted of 116 students (41 medical, 46 nursing, and 29 pharmacy students) enrolled in their final year. Subjects were randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group, with 58 in each group.

Perceptions of the interprofessional education of the faculty and the level of interprofessional education competence of the students perceived by the faculty: a comparative study of medicine, nursing, and pharmacy.

Purpose: This study will compare differences in perception of interprofessional education (IPE) in the faculty of medicine, nursing, and pharmacy. It will also analyze differences in the level of importance of IPE competences and the present competence levels of their students perceived by the faculty.

Methods: The study included 115 participants from the faculty of medicine, 31 from nursing, and 23 from pharmacy.

Perspectives of Non-Pharmacy Professionals in Long-Term Care Facilities on Pharmacist-Involved Medication Management in South Korea: A Qualitative Study.

Despite a rapid increase in both the number of long-term care facilities (LTCFs) and their residents in recent years, the concept of pharmacist-involved medication management is relatively new in South Korea. The objective of this study was to identify the perspectives of non-pharmacy professionals regarding the development of pharmacist-involved medication management in LTCFs. Employing a snowball sampling strategy, this study relied on semi-structured, one-on-one, in-depth interviews with twelve non-pharmacy professionals in LTCFs.

Differences in preventing new-onset cardiovascular events with statin therapy in seniors aged 75 years and over: A cohort study in the South Korean National Health Insurance Database.

The aim of this cohort study was to compare the effectiveness of statin regimens for primary prevention among seniors aged ≥ 75 years. Seniors aged 75-100 years for whom statin therapies for primary prevention were newly initiated between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2011, and who continued the same statin regimen during the first year after the index date were identified using the claims data from the South Korean National Health Insurance Database. A propensity score matching and multivariable Cox proportional hazards model were developed to evaluate adjusted ischaemic cardiovascular-cerebrovascular event (CCE) risk and all-cause mortality risk for all patients, as well as for subgroups.

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Sulforaphane on LPS-Activated Microglia Potentially through JNK/AP-1/NF-κB Inhibition and Nrf2/HO-1 Activation.

Sulforaphane (SFN), a potent nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activator, is present in the species of the Brassicaceae, especially in broccoli sprouts. In this study, the effects of SFN against microglial activation and inflammation, and the potential mechanisms involved, were analyzed. As mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling plays a key role in microglial activation and inflammation, we focused on the role of SFN in regulating the MAPK signaling regulation of the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cascades in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglia.

Comparison of N-glycans expressed in tumor tissues with those expressed in adjacent non-tumor tissues of colorectal cancer patients .

Background: The associations between colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and changes in N-glycan expression suggest the potential for new biomarkers and targeted cancer therapies. This study was performed to analyze N-glycans and to compare their expression profiles in tumor and corresponding adjacent non-tumor (control) tissues in stage I and IV CRC patients to examine N-glycans as potential prognostic markers.

Materials And Methods: Six adult CRC patients, including 3 in stage I and 3 in stage IV who underwent curative surgery were enrolled in this study.

Effect of glutathione S-transferase genetic polymorphisms on busulfan pharmacokinetics and veno-occlusive disease in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A meta-analysis.

This meta-analysis was conducted to derive an integrated conclusion about the influence of glutathione S-transferase (GST) genetic polymorphisms on busulfan pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters and veno-occlusive disease (VOD). Studies which analysed the effect of GST genetic polymorphisms on area under the curve (AUC), clearance (CL) or VOD were searched for and selected. A pooled analysis was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis programme.

genotype-based model to predict tacrolimus dosage in the early postoperative period after living donor liver transplantation.

Purpose: Liver transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage liver disease. Due to the between- and within-individual pharmacokinetic variability in tacrolimus, used to prevent rejection after transplantation, it is difficult to predict the dose needed achieve the target levels in the blood. This study aimed to construct a population pharmacokinetic model of tacrolimus dosage prediction for therapeutic drug monitoring in clinical settings for Korean adult patients receiving living donor liver transplantation (LDLT).

Effect of pharmaceutical care interventions on glycemic control in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Diabetes is a chronic lifelong condition, and adherence to medications and self-monitoring of blood glucose are challenging for diabetic patients. The dramatic increase in the prevalence of diabetes is largely due to the incidence of type 2 diabetes in low- and middle-income countries (LMIc) besides high-income countries (HIc). We aimed to evaluate whether pharmacist care (PC) service model in LMIc and HIc could improve clinical outcomes in diabetic patients by performing a meta-analysis.

Identification of novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitors designed by pharmacophore-based virtual screening, molecular docking and bioassay.

In this study, pharmacophore based 3D QSAR models for human acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors were generated, with good significance, statistical values (r = 0.73) and predictability (q = 0.67).

Service design oriented multidisciplinary collaborative team care service model development for resolving drug related problems.

Our goal was to help prevent drug-related morbidity and mortality by developing a collaborative multidisciplinary team care (MTC) service model using a service design framework that addressed the unmet needs and perspectives of diverse stakeholders. Our service model was based on a "4D" framework that included Discover, Define, Design, and Develop phases. In the "discover" phase, we conducted desk research and field research of stakeholders to identify the unmet needs in existing patient care services.

The effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on major adverse cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis of randomized-controlled studies in depression.

It has been reported that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) might induce major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), but the association between the use of SSRIs and MACE has not been elucidated as yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the use of SSRIs and MACE in depressed patients with previous cardiovascular events. Two researchers independently selected randomized-controlled studies (RCTs) according to the predefined inclusion criteria and evaluated the quality of articles.

Network analysis of drug-related problems in hospitalized patients with hematologic malignancies.

Purpose: Network analysis was conducted to systematically analyze the relationship between causative drugs and types of drug-related problems (DRPs) in hospitalized patients with hematologic malignancies.

Methods: A total of 1187 DRPs identified in hematology wards between 2013 and 2015 were analyzed. DRPs were classified into 11 sub-domains for problems and 35 sub-domains for causes according to Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe classification.

Geographic variations in antibiotic prescription for pediatric acute upper respiratory tract infections in South Korea.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the geographic differences in antibiotic prescription rates in pediatric upper respiratory tract infections (URI) patients in South Korea.

Materials And Methods: We performed a nationwide cross-sectional study using 228 administrative districts of Korea, which are the unit of analysis. Prescription rate of antibiotics, the outcome variable, was measured as the proportion of antibiotic prescription days out of total visit days for the treatment of acute URIs using National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) claims data for 2012.

Global perspectives on ensuring the safety of pharmaceutical products in the distribution process .

Objective: The distribution of counterfeit or falsified drugs is increasing worldwide. This can contribute to the high burden of disease and cost to society and is of global concern with the worldwide circulation of pharmaceuticals. The preparation and implementation of good distribution practice should be one of the most important aspects of ensuring safe drug circulation and administration.

Independent operation of implicit working memory under cognitive load.

Implicit working memory (WM) has been known to operate non-consciously and unintentionally. The current study investigated whether implicit WM is a discrete mechanism from explicit WM in terms of cognitive resource. To induce cognitive resource competition, we used a conjunction search task (Experiment 1) and imposed spatial WM load (Experiment 2a and 2b).

Effect of additive calcium administration on FGF23 levels in patients with mild chronic kidney disease treated with calcitriol: a randomized, open-labeled clinical trial.

Background: The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of additional calcium carbonate treatment on fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels in patients treated with calcitriol.

Methods: In this randomized, open-labeled, and parallel-group study, a total of 30 patients with early chronic kidney disease (CKD) and vitamin D deficiency were randomly assigned to two groups and received interventions for 8 weeks: 1) a combination of calcium carbonate and calcitriol group; and 2) calcitriol only group. The primary outcome was the difference in percentage change of serum FGF23 levels from baseline between the two groups.

Satisfaction and expressed needs of pharmaceutical care services and challenges recognized by patients in South Korea.

Purpose: To assess the degree of satisfaction and expressed needs of pharmaceutical care services in patients with chronic diseases and explore the factors related to the needs from patients' perspectives for the further development of pharmaceutical care service models.

Patients And Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 220 patients (mean age ± SD: 61.3±13.

Regulation of Pharmacogene Expression by microRNA in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network.

Individual differences in drug responses are associated with genetic and epigenetic variability of pharmacogene expression. We aimed to identify the relevant miRNAs which regulate pharmacogenes associated with drug responses. The miRNA and mRNA expression profiles derived from data for normal and solid tumor tissues in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network.

Malathion increases apoptotic cell death by inducing lysosomal membrane permeabilization in N2a neuroblastoma cells: a model for neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease.

Malathion is an organophosphate with severe neurotoxic effects. Upon acute exposure, malathion initially enhances cholinergic activity by inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, which is its major pathological mechanism. Malathion also induces non-cholinergic neuronal cell death in neurodegenerative conditions; the associated molecular mechanism is not well-characterized.

Equol, a Dietary Daidzein Gut Metabolite Attenuates Microglial Activation and Potentiates Neuroprotection In Vitro.

Estrogen deficiency has been well characterized in inflammatory disorders including neuroinflammation. Daidzein, a dietary alternative phytoestrogen found in soy (Glycine max) as primary isoflavones, possess anti-inflammatory activity, but the effect of its active metabolite Equol (7-hydroxy-3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-chroman) has not been well established. In this study, we investigated the anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective effect of Equol in vitro.

A national pharmacoepidemiological study of antibiotic use in Korean paediatric outpatients.

Background: Information on the use of antibiotics in Eastern Asian children is limited. The objectives of this study were to evaluate in Korean paediatric outpatients (1) the nationwide pattern of prescribing antibiotics according to age group and medical institution and (2) the adherence of antibiotic use for acute respiratory tract infections to both national guidelines and European antibiotic prescribing quality indicators.

Method: This population-based study used the national insurance reimbursement database for 2011.