Pearls and pitfalls of over-the-counter nasal sprays for seasonal allergy.

Allergic rhinitis (AR), commonly called hay fever, is primarily caused by the release of histamine after exposure to an allergen. This article reviews over-the-counter nasal spray options for the prevention and treatment of AR, including mechanisms of action, risks and benefits, and patient education.

Pearls and pitfalls of OTC medications for seasonal allergies.

Seasonal allergies have a negative impact on patients' quality of life. Nurses must be aware of the different treatment options and lifestyle modifications to help patients manage their symptoms. This article discusses the benefits and risks of over-the-counter medications for seasonal allergies and other implications for nurses.

A Clinical Incivility Management Module for Nursing Students: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

Background: Incivility experienced by pre-licensure nursing students in clinical settings continues to grow. Interventions for clinical incivility to nursing students are needed. Our study aimed to examine the effects of a piloted two-hour interactive incivility management module on nursing students' perceived stress and general self-efficacy levels and preparedness for responding professionally to clinical incivility.

Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety Using Low Dose Radiation Therapy with Alzheimer's Disease: A Protocol for Multicenter Phase II Clinical Trial.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is a neurodegenerative disease resulting from extracellular and intracellular deposits of amyloid-β (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Although many clinical studies evaluating pharmacological approaches have been conducted, most have shown disappointing results; thus, innovative strategies other than drugs have been actively attempted.

Objective: This study aims to explore low-dose radiation therapy (LDRT) for the treatment of patients with AD based on preclinical evidence, case reports, and a small pilot trial in humans.

Low-dose RaDiation therapy for patients with KNee osteoArthritis (LoRD-KNeA): a protocol for a sham-controlled randomised trial.

Introduction: Low-dose radiation therapy (LDRT) for osteoarthritis (OA) has been performed for several decades. However, supporting evidence from randomised studies using modern methodologies is lacking, and a recently published randomised study failed to show the significant benefit of LDRT. The presented trial aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of LDRT for patients with knee OA.

Oxidized Phospholipids in Tumor Microenvironment Stimulate Tumor Metastasis via Regulation of Autophagy.

Oxidized phospholipids are well known to play physiological and pathological roles in regulating cellular homeostasis and disease progression. However, their role in cancer metastasis has not been entirely understood. In this study, effects of oxidized phosphatidylcholines such as 1-palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)--glycero-3-phosphocholine (POVPC) on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and autophagy were determined in cancer cells by immunoblotting and confocal analysis.

Effect of Korean nursing students' experience of incivility in clinical settings on critical thinking.

Clinical experience is essential to helping nursing students to achieve and practice professional knowledge and skills. Published reports indicate nursing students often experience incivility during clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to investigate nursing student incivility experience during their clinical rotations and the relationship of these experiences with their critical thinking dispositions.

Transcriptome analysis of low-dose ionizing radiation-impacted genes in CD4 T-cells undergoing activation and regulation of their expression of select cytokines.

Immune cells are known as the most sensitive tissue for ionizing radiation. Numerous reports relating with the effect of low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) on immune activities showed that LDIR can induce immune-potentiation via modulating the activity of B-, T-, and NK cells, or macrophages, whereas high-dose radiation induces genome-wide apoptotic/necrotic tissue injury and immune suppression. Generally, CD4 T-cells play pivotal roles in immune systems via cytokines and cell-surface molecules to activate other types of immune cells to eliminate the pathogen.

Low-dose ionizing radiation alleviates Aβ42-induced cell death via regulating AKT and p38 pathways in Alzheimer's disease models.

Ionizing radiation is widely used in medicine and is valuable in both the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. However, its health effects are ambiguous. Here, we report that low-dose ionizing radiation has beneficial effects in human amyloid-β42 (Aβ42)-expressing Alzheimer's disease (AD) models.

Effectiveness of autogenic training on headache: A systematic review.

Purpose: To investigate the impact of length of autogenic training (AT) use, alone and with the addition of adjunct treatments, on intensity and duration of primary headache in adults age 19 and older.

Methods: We searched articles published in English and Korean from 1926 to 2016. A search of seven domestic and foreign databases was conducted from September 25, 2016 to December 30, 2016 using the search terms "autogenic training," "autogen," "relaxation," and "headache.

Knockdown of end-binding protein 1 induces apoptosis in radioresistant A549 lung cancer cells via p38 kinase-dependent COX-2 upregulation.

The role of end-binding protein 1 (EB1) in lung cancer tumorigenesis and radiotherapy remains poorly understood. In the present study, we observed that EB1 was highly expressed in lung tumor tissues compared with normal non-tumor tissues based on immunohistochemical analysis of lung cancer tissue samples obtained from human tissue microarrays. EB1 was also highly overexpressed in radioresistant lung and cervical cancer cells, which exhibited increased cell death after EB1 silencing.

A Src-family-tyrosine kinase, Lyn, is required for efficient IFN-β expression in pattern recognition receptor, RIG-I, signal pathway by interacting with IPS-1.

Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) plays an important role in antiviral immunity as a cytosolic receptor recognizing invading viruses. The activation of downstream signaling pathways led by IFN-β promoter stimulator-1 (IPS-1), an adaptor, is known to culminate in the activation of IRFs and the expression of type I interferons. However, the role of Src-family-tyrosine kinases (STKs) in the RIG-I signaling pathway has not been fully evaluated.

Quantitative assessment of inferior oblique muscle overaction using photographs of the cardinal positions of gaze.

Purpose: To report a novel method for measuring the degree of inferior oblique muscle overaction and to investigate the correlation with other factors.

Design: Cross-sectional diagnostic study.

Methods: One hundred and forty-two eyes (120 patients) were enrolled in this study.

Low-dose γ-radiation inhibits IL-1β-induced dedifferentiation and inflammation of articular chondrocytes via blockage of catenin signaling.

Although low-dose radiation (LDR) regulates a wide range of biological processes, limited information is available on the effects of LDR on the chondrocyte phenotype. Here, we found that LDR, at doses of 0.5-2 centiGray (cGy), inhibited interleukin (IL)-1β-induced chondrocyte destruction without causing side effects, such as cell death and senescence.

Depletion of hepatoma-derived growth factor-related protein-3 induces apoptotic sensitization of radioresistant A549 cells via reactive oxygen species-dependent p53 activation.

Biomarkers based on functional signaling have the potential to provide greater insight into the pathogenesis of cancer and may offer additional targets for anticancer therapeutics. Here, we identified hepatoma-derived growth factor-related protein-3 (HRP-3) as a radioresistance-related gene and characterized the molecular mechanism by which its encoded protein regulates the radio- and chemoresistant phenotype of lung cancer-derived A549 cells. Knockdown of HRP-3 promoted apoptosis of A549 cells and potentiated the apoptosis-inducing action of radio- and chemotherapy.

Depletion of end-binding protein 1 (EB1) promotes apoptosis of human non-small-cell lung cancer cells via reactive oxygen species and Bax-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction.

Although end-binding protein 1 (EB1) is well known to regulate microtubule dynamics, the role of EB1 in apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which EB1 regulates apoptosis in H460, A549, and H1299 cells. Depletion of EB1 in A549 and H1299 cells, which express high levels of EB1, induced cell death in a p53-independent manner through over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Bax induction.

Identification of HDAC4 as a target of γ-catenin that regulates the oncogenic K-Ras-mediated malignant phenotype of Rat2 cells.

The mechanisms by which activated Ras accelerates malignant transformation of normal cells are not fully understood. Here, we characterized the role and molecular mechanism of γ-catenin in regulating the malignant phenotype of Rat2 cells induced by codon 12-mutant K-Ras (K-Ras12V). Suppression of γ-catenin signaling by K-Ras12V was an early event and played a crucial role in promoting the acquisition of a highly metastatic phenotype of Rat2 cells.

Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase is essential for interleukin-1beta-mediated dedifferentiation of articular chondrocytes via SIRT1 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) complex signaling.

Although much is known about interleukin (IL)-1β and its role as a key mediator of cartilage destruction in osteoarthritis, only limited information is available on IL-1β signaling in chondrocyte dedifferentiation. Here, we have characterized the molecular mechanisms leading to the dedifferentiation of primary cultured articular chondrocytes by IL-1β treatment. IL-1β or lipopolysaccharide, but not phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, retinoic acid, or epidermal growth factor, induced nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) expression, showing the association of inflammatory cytokines with NAMPT regulation.

Chloride intracellular channel 1 identified using proteomic analysis plays an important role in the radiosensitivity of HEp-2 cells via reactive oxygen species production.

The nature of the molecules underlying the radioresistance phenotype of laryngeal cancer cells remains to be established. We initially generated radioresistant laryngeal cancer cell lines from human HEp-2 cells with fractionated radiation. These RR-HEp-2 cells and isolated clones displayed more radioresistant and anti-apoptotic phenotypes than parental HEp-2 cells after radiation.

Ionizing radiation induces cellular senescence of articular chondrocytes via negative regulation of SIRT1 by p38 kinase.

Radiotherapy is increasingly used in the treatment of joint diseases, but limited information is available on the effects of radiation on cartilage. Here, we characterize the molecular mechanisms leading to cellular senescence in irradiated primary cultured articular chondrocytes. Ionizing radiation (IR) causes activation of ERK, in turn generating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) with induction of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-beta-gal) activity.