Developing the rice ideotype: Optimizing traits for methane mitigation and sustainable yield.

Rice is a staple food for billions of people but also a major source of methane emissions, contributing approximately 10% of global agricultural methane. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a correlation analysis of various traits gathered from years of research on the 120 Cheongcheong Nagdong Double Haploid (CNDH) population to identify key traits responsible for methane emission in rice. This study focused on practical plant traits, including culm length, spikelets per panicle, and grain weight, which have a positive correlation with methane emission.

Genetic variations in FAD3 and its influence on agronomic traits and fatty acid composition in perilla germplasm.

In this study, we explored the relationship between agronomic characteristics and fatty acid composition in perilla germplasm and examined the potential effects of genetic variations in the FAD3 gene on these traits. Our analysis involved correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering, and path analysis. We discovered the days to flowering (DTF), days to maturing (DTM) number of branches (NB), and stearic acid (SA) content were positively correlated with each other.

Augmenting Rice Defenses: Exogenous Calcium Elevates GABA Levels Against WBPH Infestation.

This study investigates the impact of exogenous calcium and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) supplementation on rice growth and stress tolerance under white-backed planthopper (WBPH) infestation. We evaluated several phenotypic traits, including shoot/root length, leaf width, tiller number, panicle length, and relative water content, alongside physiological markers such as oxidative stress indicators, antioxidant enzymes activities, hormonal levels, and amino acids biosynthesis. Our results indicate that WBPH stress significantly reduces growth parameters but calcium and GABA supplementation markedly enhance shoot length (by 26% and 36%) and root length (by 38% and 64%), respectively, compared to WBPH-infested plants.

Quantitative trait locus mapping and OsFLOq12 identification for rice grain hardness: towards improved rice flour for wheat substitution.

Background: Recent shifts in consumer dietary preferences have led to a significant decline in rice consumption in Korea, resulting in surplus rice production. To address this issue, rice flour has been proposed as a substitute for wheat flour. However, the physical, chemical and structural differences between rice and wheat, particularly in grain hardness, pose challenges in using rice flour as an alternative.

Determinants Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination among Korean Adults: Based on Andersen's Model.

COVID-19 vaccination is a critical public health measure to control the pandemic, but disparities in vaccination uptake remain a concern. This study investigates the determinants of COVID-19 vaccination among Korean adults using the Andersen model. Data from 231,784 participants in the community health survey were analyzed using chi-square testing and logistic regression.

Factors influencing sleep duration among middle-aged women in Korea: insights from the community health survey.

This study aimed to investigate the influence of demographic and health-related characteristics on sleep duration among middle-aged women aged 44-64. Utilizing raw data from the 2022 Community Health Survey, a cross-sectional analysis was conducted. The study included middle-aged women who participated in the survey, with data collected through structured interviews.

Exploring the Relationship between Health Literacy and Depression among Individuals with Chronic Conditions: Insights from the KCHS.

This study, utilizing data from the 2021 Korean Community Health Survey (KCHS), aimed to investigate the role of health literacy in mitigating depression among individuals with chronic diseases, particularly focusing on how sociodemographic and subjective factors influence this relationship. With a sample of 77,133 subjects primarily dealing with hypertension and diabetes, the study employed various analytical tools to identify factors associated with an increased risk of depression. These factors included marital status (OR 1.

Evaluation of Agronomic Traits, Total Phenolic Content, and Antioxidant Properties of Sesame Seeds of Different Colors and Origin.

Rising health concerns regarding chronic diseases call for exploring natural sources of antioxidants and factors that influence their activity. This study evaluated the diversity of 112 sesame germplasms from Africa and Asia based on ten agronomic traits (seven quantitative and three qualitative), two antioxidant activities (ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities), and the content of one metabolite (TPC). TPC, DPPH, and ABTS were in the ranges of 4.

OsCKq1 Regulates Heading Date and Grain Weight in Rice in Response to Day Length.

Background: Photoperiod sensitivity is among the most important agronomic traits of rice, as it determines local and seasonal adaptability and plays pivotal roles in determining yield and other key agronomic characteristics. By controlling the photoperiod, early-maturing rice can be cultivated to shorten the breeding cycle, thereby reducing the risk of yield losses due to unpredictable climate change. Furthermore, early-maturing and high-yielding rice needs to be developed to ensure food security for a rapidly growing population.

Associations of the Seed Fatty Acid Composition of Sesame ( L.) Germplasm with Agronomic Traits and Variations.

Sesame is an important oilseed crop grown for human consumption in many countries, with a high commercial value due to its high oleic/linoleic acid ratio (O/L ratio). However, its properties may vary among different accessions. In the current study, 282 sesame accessions were evaluated to determine the effects of agronomic traits and genotypes on the O/L ratio.

Utilization of the Winkler scale of plants using big data temperature presented by the Korea Meteorological Administration.

Introduction: Rice is an important food source that can provide a stable supply of calories for most people around the world. However, owing to the recent rapid temperature rise, we are facing social issues related to the increase in the Winkler scale. In this study, a strategy for screening potential candidate genes related to the yield according to the Winkler scale is presented, and the possibility of using a candidate gene identified through sequence haplotype and homology analysis as a breeding source is suggested.

Exogenous melatonin induces salt and drought stress tolerance in rice by promoting plant growth and defense system.

Due to global climate change, crops are certainly confronted with a lot of abiotic and biotic stress factors during their growth that cause a serious threat to their development and overall productivity. Among different abiotic stresses, salt and drought are considered the most devastating stressors with serious impact on crop's yield stability. Here, the current study aimed to elucidate how melatonin works in regulating plant biomass, oxidative stress, antioxidant defense system, as well as the expression of genes related to salt and drought stress in rice plants.

Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping Identified Candidate Genes Involved in Plant Height Regulation in Rice.

Rice plant height is an agricultural trait closely related to biomass, lodging tolerance, and yield. Identifying quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions related to plant height regulation and developing strategies to screen potential candidate genes can improve agricultural traits in rice. In this study, a double haploid population (CNDH), derived by crossing 'Cheongcheong' and 'Nagdong' individuals, was used, and a genetic map was constructed with 222 single-sequence repeat markers.

Validation of Machine Learning Models for Craniofacial Growth Prediction.

This study identified the most accurate model for predicting longitudinal craniofacial growth in a Japanese population using statistical methods and machine learning. Longitudinal lateral cephalometric radiographs were collected from 59 children (27 boys and 32 girls) with no history of orthodontic treatment. Multiple regression analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, radial basis function network, multilayer perceptron, and gradient-boosted decision tree were used.

Investigation of the Relationship between Genetic and Breeding Characteristics of WBPH Behavior according to Resistant Materials in Rice.

Rice accounts for most of the calories consumed by the world's population. However, the whitebacked planthopper (WBPH), (Horvath), is an insect that can cause rice yield loss. WBPH sucks the stems of rice and negatively affects yield and grain quality.

Volunteer Plants' Occurrence and the Environmental Adaptability of Genetically Modified Fodder Corn upon Unintentional Release into the Environment.

The number of corn cultivars that have been improved using genetically modified technology continues to increase. However, concerns about the unintentional release of living-modified organisms (LMOs) into the environment still exist. Specifically, there are cases where LMO crops grown as fodder are released into the environment and form a volunteer plant community, which raises concerns about their safety.

Efficient identification of palatability-related genes using QTL mapping in rice breeding.

Unlabelled: The gelatinization temperature of rice is an important factor in determining the eating and cooking quality, and it affects consumer preference. The alkali digestion value (ADV) is one of the main methods used to test the quality of rice and has a high correlation with the gelatinization temperature. For the development of high-quality rice, it is important to understand the genetic basis of palatability-related traits, and QTL analysis is a statistical method linking phenotypic data and genotype data and is an effective method to explain the genetic basis of variation in complex traits.

Evaluation of Amino Acid Profiles of Rice Genotypes under Different Salt Stress Conditions.

Amino acids are building blocks of proteins that are essential components of a wide range of metabolic pathways in plant species, including rice species. Previous studies only considered changes in the amino acid content of rice under NaCl stress. Here, we evaluated profiles of essential and non-essential amino acids in four rice genotype seedlings in the presence of three types of salts, namely NaCl, CaCl, and MgCl.

Identification of a Major Locus for Lodging Resistance to Typhoons Using QTL Analysis in Rice.

We detected a new target quantitative trait locus (QTL) for lodging resistance in rice by analyzing lodging resistance to typhoons (Maysak and Haishen) using a scale from 0 (no prostrating) to 1 (little prostrating or prostrating) to record the resistance score in a Cheongcheong/Nagdong double haploid rice population. Five quantitative trait loci for lodging resistance to typhoons were detected. Among them, and exhibited crucial effects of locus RM3343-RM20318 on chromosome 6, which overlaps with our previous rice lodging studies for the loci , , and .

Enhancing the Expression of the Gene in Leads to the Regulation of Multiple Biosynthetic Pathways and Transcriptomic Changes That Influence Insect Resistance.

The white-backed planthopper (WBPH) is a major pest of rice crops and causes severe loss of yield. We previously developed the WBPH-resistant rice cultivar "" by overexpressing the gene. Although there was a higher accumulation of the flavonoids kaempferol (Kr) and quercetin (Qu) as well as salicylic acid (SA) in transgenic ( or Trans) plants compared to the wild type (WT), it is still unclear how Os overexpression affects these WBPH resistant-related changes in gene expression in plants.

The Role of Exogenous Gibberellic Acid and Methyl Jasmonate against White-Backed Planthopper () Stress in Rice ( L.).

Rice ( L.) is one of the essential staple foods for more than half of the world's population, and its production is affected by different environmental abiotic and biotic stress conditions. The white-backed planthopper (WBPH, ) causes significant damage to rice plants, leading to substantial economic losses due to reduced production.

Alcohol Drinking in Adolescents Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused changes in individuals' daily lives, including drinking habits. This study attempted to identify factors of Korean adolescents' current alcohol drinking due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: The study used secondary data from the 17th Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey that included 54 848 individuals.

Extrinsic role of gibberellin mitigating salinity effect in different rice genotypes.

The overall effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) with NaCl on different rice genotypes are inadequately understood. The present study determines the effect of different GA3 (50 and 100 µM) concentrations on the morphophysiological, molecular and biochemical effects of 120 mM NaCl salt stress in rice seedlings. Salt stress reduced germination percentages and seedling growth and decreased bioactive GA content.