Impact of pyrazinamide usage on serious adverse events in elderly tuberculosis patients: A multicenter cohort study.

Background: Pyrazinamide (PZA) usage has been associated with adverse drug reactions, prompting its avoidance in treating elderly tuberculosis (TB) patients. This study aims to examine whether the administration of PZA is associated with poor outcomes during TB treatment among elderly individuals.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was undertaken on data collected from a prospective cohort conducted between July 2019 and June 2023, which involved tuberculosis patients from 18 institutions across the Republic of Korea.

The preventative effects of statin on lung cancer development in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis using the National Health Insurance Service Database in Korea.

Little is known about the effect of statin use in lung cancer development in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We analyzed the database of the National Health Insurance Service to further investigate the clinical impacts of statin on lung cancer development and overall survival (OS) in IPF patients. The analysis included 9,182 individuals diagnosed with IPF, of which 3,372 (36.

Delphi Survey on the Current and Future Korean Guidelines for Isoniazid-Monoresistant Tuberculosis.

Purpose: Isoniazid-monoresistant tuberculosis (Hr-TB) has emerged as a global challenge, necessitating detailed guidelines for its diagnosis and treatment. We aim to consolidate the Korean guidelines for Hr-TB management by gathering expert opinions and reaching a consensus.

Patients And Methods: A conventional Delphi method involving two rounds of surveys was conducted with 96 experts selected based on their clinical and research experience and involvement in nationwide tuberculosis studies and development of the Korean guidelines on tuberculosis.

Comparison of pneumonia incidence between long-acting muscarinic antagonist and inhaled corticosteroid plus long-acting beta agonist in patients with COPD.

Few studies have directly compared the incidence of pneumonia in patients on common chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatments such as long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) with those on inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β-agonist (ICS/LABA). Moreover, risk factors for pneumonia in COPD are still unclear. We aimed to compare the incidence of pneumonia in COPD patients on LAMA and those on ICS/LABA and explored the risk factors associated with pneumonia.

COPD Exacerbation-Related Pathogens and Previous COPD Treatment.

We evaluated whether the pathogens identified during acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AE-COPD) are associated with the COPD medications used in the 6 months before AE-COPD. We collected the medical records of patients diagnosed with AE-COPD at 28 hospitals between January 2008 and December 2019 and retrospectively analyzed them. Microorganisms identified at the time of AE-COPD were analyzed according to the use of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and systemic steroid after adjusting for COPD severity.

Factors Predicting Worse Outcomes in an Asian Cohort of Patients With Bronchiectasis.

Background/aim: Bronchiectasis has long been neglected, unlike chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Recent clinical trials have shown that long-term use of azithromycin or erythromycin reduce exacerbations of non-cystic fibrosis (non-CF) bronchiectasis. Because of this, we should actively try to treat patients susceptible to severe status.

Effects of low-dose pirfenidone on survival and lung function decline in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF): Results from a real-world study.

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive fibrosing interstitial pneumonia of unknown etiology. In several randomized clinical trials, and in the clinical practice, pirfenidone is used to effectively and safely treat IPF. However, sometimes it is difficult to use the dose of pirfenidone used in clinical trials.

Cyclo-VEGI inhibits bronchial artery remodeling in a murine model of chronic asthma.

In the context of asthma, airway bronchial remodeling and angiogenesis in the bronchial mucosa are well established. Cyclopeptidic-vascular endothelial growth inhibitor (cyclo-VEGI) is an inhibitor of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor that increases the proliferation of endothelial cells and the formation of new vessels. However, changes in the bronchial arteries of patients with asthma have not been clearly elucidated.

Cough Sounds Recorded via Smart Devices as Useful Non-Invasive Digital Biomarkers of Aspiration Risk: A Case Report.

Spirometer measurements can reflect cough strength but might not be routinely available for patients with severe neurological or medical conditions. A digital device that can record and help track abnormal cough sound changes serially in a noninvasive but reliable manner would be beneficial for monitoring such individuals. This report includes two cases of respiratory distress whose cough changes were monitored via assessments performed using recordings made with a digital device.

Tracheobronchopathia Osteochondroplastica Associated with Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease.

Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TPO) is a very rare, benign disorder involving the lumen of the trachea-bronchial tree. However, its etiology is unknown. In our first case, observation for several years showed that TPO worsened as interstitial lung disease was aggravated.

A Multicenter Study to Identify the Respiratory Pathogens Associated with Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Korea.

Background: Although respiratory tract infection is one of the most important factors triggering acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AE-COPD), limited data are available to suggest an epidemiologic pattern of microbiology in South Korea.

Methods: A multicenter observational study was conducted between January 2015 and December 2018 across 28 hospitals in South Korea. Adult patients with moderate-to-severe acute exacerbations of COPD were eligible to participate in the present study.

Epidemiology, burden, and policy of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in South Korea: a narrative review.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global health problem and a significant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. COPD also occupies a significant and considerable economic burden on individuals and society in South Korea. We investigated the epidemiology and burden of COPD in South Korea and reviewed the policy regarding COPD.

Platycodin D attenuates airway inflammation via suppression Th2 transcription factor in a murine model of acute asthma.

Bronchial asthma is a common chronic inflammatory condition of the airway tissue. Platycodin D (PLD) has antiinflammatory effects in a mouse model of allergic asthma. In this work, the anti-asthma potential of PLD was studied by investigation of its effect to suppress airway inflammation and mucin production, a murine model of asthma and the possible mechanisms.

The clinical efficacy of AG NPP709 (Synatura) in patients with chronic bronchitis type stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: AG NPP709 (Synatura) has been demonstrated to be efficacious in decreasing cough and sputum in patients with acute upper respiratory infection and chronic inflammatory bronchitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of AG NPP709 in patients with chronic bronchitis type chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods: This was a prospective, open-label, single-arm clinical trial (NCT03623282).

Age-stratified anti-tuberculosis drug resistance profiles in South Korea: a multicenter retrospective study.

Background: The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a major healthcare concern worldwide. Here, we analyzed age-related trends in DR-TB rates in South Korea.

Methods: Drug susceptibility test results were collected from patients with culture-confirmed TB between 2015 and 2018 from eight university-affiliated hospitals.

Pravastatin alleviates allergic airway inflammation in obesity-related asthma mouse model.

Obesity is one of the factors associated with severe, uncontrolled asthma. The effect of pravastatin on asthmatic airway inflammation in obesity has not been evaluated. C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity with or without ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenge.

Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction using an endobronchial valve to treat a huge emphysematous bullae: a case report.

Background: In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) techniques using unidirectional endobronchial valves improve lung function and increase exercise tolerance. BLVR treatment is included in the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) treatment guidelines for COPD patients without interlobar collateral ventilation. However, BLVR using an endobronchial valve has not been attempted in patients with giant bullae.