Fulminant Course of Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy Followed by Serial MRI: A Case Report.

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a rare but distinctive type of influenza-associated encephalopathy characterized by symmetric multiple lesions with an invariable thalamic involvement. Although the exact pathogenesis of ANE remains unclear, the most prevalent hypothesis is the "cytokine storm," which results in blood-brain-barrier breakdown. We present the case of a 10-year-old boy with fulminant ANE confirmed with serial MRI studies, including diffusion-weighted imaging and susceptibility-weighted imaging.

Factors Distinguishing Proximal and Distal Internal Carotid Artery Occlusions in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Acute internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusions cause extensive brain ischemia. Accurate determination of the occlusion site facilitates rapid revascularization interventions and improves prognosis. However, proximal ICA occlusions, as determined with computed tomography (CT) angiography, often are located more distally.

Response prediction of vestibular schwannoma after gamma-knife radiosurgery using pretreatment dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI: a prospective study.

Objectives: There are few known predictive factors for response to gamma-knife radiosurgery (GKRS) in vestibular schwannoma (VS). We investigated the predictive role of pretreatment dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI parameters regarding the tumor response after GKRS in sporadic VS.

Methods: This single-center prospective study enrolled participants between April 2017 and February 2019.

Prediction of hemorrhagic complications after ultrasound-guided biopsy of the thyroid and neck.

Objectives: Hemorrhage occasionally occurs after ultrasound (US)-guided biopsy of the thyroid and neck and sometimes leads to serious complications. We aimed to identify predictors of hemorrhagic complications after US-guided biopsy of the thyroid and neck.

Material And Methods: In this retrospective study, we analyzed consecutive patients who underwent US-guided biopsy from April 2020 to November 2020.

Computed tomography complements ultrasound for the differential diagnosis of traumatic neuroma from recurrent tumor in patients with postoperative thyroid cancer.

Objectives: Traumatic neuromas (TNs) mimic recurrent tumors in US after total thyroidectomy (TT) and lateral neck dissection (LND) for thyroid cancer. We aimed to evaluate whether CT could complement US in the differential diagnosis of TNs from recurrent thyroid cancer in the dissected neck.

Material And Methods: We retrospectively included a total of 97 consecutive US-detected lesions (28 TNs and 69 recurrent tumors) in patients with a previous history of TT and LND for thyroid cancer.

Midterm Outcomes After Low-Profile Visualization Endoluminal Support or Atlas Stent-Assisted Coiling of Intracranial Aneurysms: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis.

Background: The interplay of various commercially available stents during coil embolization of intracranial aneurysms and their ultimate impact are subject to debate.

Objective: To compare midterm outcomes of Low-Profile Visualization Endoluminal Support (LVIS) (MicroVention Inc) and Atlas (Stryker) stent-assisted coiling procedures.

Methods: A total of 459 intracranial aneurysms subjected to coil embolization using LVIS (n = 318) or Atlas stents (n = 141) between April 2015 and December 2019 were eligible for study.

Prediction of brain age from routine T2-weighted spin-echo brain magnetic resonance images with a deep convolutional neural network.

Our study investigated the feasibility and clinical relevance of brain age prediction using axial T2-weighted images (T2-WIs) with a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm. The CNN model was trained by 1,530 scans in our institution. The performance was evaluated by the mean absolute error (MAE) between the predicted brain age and the chronological age based on an internal test set (n=270) and an external test set (n=560).

Cerebrovascular Reservoir and Arterial Transit Time Changes Assessed by Acetazolamide-Challenged Multi-Phase Arterial Spin Labeling Perfusion MRI in Chronic Cerebrovascular Steno-Occlusive Disease.

Purpose: To explore cerebrovascular reservoir (CVR) and arterial transit time (ATT) changes using acetazolamide-challenged multi-phase arterial spin labeling (MP-ASL) perfusion-weighted MRI in chronic cerebrovascular steno-occlusive disease.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study enrolled patients with chronic steno-occlusion who underwent acetazolamide-challenged MP-ASL between June 2019 and October 2020. Cerebral blood flow, CVR, basal ATT, and ATT changes associated with severe stenosis, total occlusion, and chronic infarction lesions were compared.

Diagnostic Performance of a Combination of Shear Wave Elastography and B-Mode Ultrasonography in Differentiating Benign From Malignant Thyroid Nodules.

Objectives: This study was conducted to compare clinicopathologic and radiologic factors between benign and malignant thyroid nodules and to evaluate the diagnostic performance of shear wave elastography (SWE) combined with B-mode ultrasonography (US) in differentiating malignant from benign thyroid nodules.

Methods: This retrospective study included 92 consecutive patients with 95 thyroid nodules examined on B-mode US and SWE before US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy or surgical excision. B-mode US findings (composition, echogenicity, margin, shape, and calcification) and SWE elasticity parameters (maximum [Emax], mean, minimum, and nodule-to-normal parenchymal ratio of elasticity) were reviewed and compared between benign and malignant thyroid nodules.

Delayed Progression to Major Recanalization in Coiled Aneurysms with Minor Recanalization at 36-Month Follow-up : Incidence and Related Risk Factors.

Purpose: The aim was to monitor aneurysms that show imaging evidence of minor recanalization 36 months after coil embolization and to determine the rate and related risk factors of major recanalization during more prolonged observation.

Methods: A total of 54 patients with 55 aneurysms showing minor recanalization at 36-month follow-up imaging between 2011 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Medical records and radiological data accumulating in the course of extended monitoring (mean 83.

Clinicoradiological Features of Recurrent Meningioma With High Grade Transformation.

Background/aim: A minority of grade I meningiomas (MG1s) recur after surgical resection and their progression is associated with high grade transformation (HGT). This study aimed to characterize the clinicoradiological features of recurrent MGs (RMG) with HGT.

Patients And Methods: We identified 17 patients diagnosed with MG1 who then underwent surgery for RMG.

Does Systemic Hypertension Impact Recanalization of Coiled Aneurysms?

Purpose: It is well known that hypertension is a significant factor in the formation, growth, and rupture of aneurysms and recanalization of coiled aneurysms is affected by hemodynamic stress. At present, however, the impact of hypertension on recanalization of coiled aneurysms has not been adequately investigated. This study examined the relation between hypertension and subsequent outcomes of coiled aneurysms, using a matched patient analysis.

Intracranial Aneurysms Detected on Imaging Follow-Up of Coiled Aneurysms in a Korean Population.

Objective: Coiled aneurysms are known to recanalize over time, making follow-up evaluations mandatory. Although de novo intracranial aneurysms (DNIAs) are occasionally detected during routine patient monitoring, such events have not been thoroughly investigated to date. Herein, we generated estimates of DNIA development during long-term observation of coiled cerebral aneurysms, focusing on incidence and the risk factors involved.

Is 3 years adequate for tracking completely occluded coiled aneurysms?

Objective: The authors conducted a study to ascertain the long-term durability of coiled aneurysms completely occluded at 36 months' follow-up given the potential for delayed recanalization.

Methods: In this retrospective review, the authors examined 299 patients with 339 aneurysms, all shown to be completely occluded at 36 months on follow-up images obtained between 2011 and 2013. Medical records and radiological data acquired during the extended monitoring period (mean 74.

Determination of Aneurysm Volume Critical for Stability After Coil Embolization: A Retrospective Study of 3530 Aneurysms.

Background: Recurrence is one of the concerns even after successful endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms. We sought to determine the critical aneurysm volume and risk factors related to aneurysmal stability in patients undergoing coil embolization of intracranial aneurysms.

Methods: Aneurysm volume and follow-up imaging data were retrieved in 3042 patients with 3530 aneurysms who were treated with endovascular coil embolization from January 2006 to October 2016.

Comparison of Diagnostic Performance of B-Mode Ultrasonography and Shear Wave Elastography in Cervical Lymph Nodes.

The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of B-mode ultrasonography (US) and shear wave elastography (SWE) for differentiating benign from malignant cervical lymph nodes (LNs). This study evaluated 130 cervical LNs in 127 patients. On conventional B-mode US, short-axis and long-axis diameters, long-to-short-axis ratio, cortical morphology, border, and presence of necrosis or calcification were evaluated.

Isolated Trochlear Nerve Palsy in a Patient with Superior Cerebellar Rete Mirabile.

Background: Rete mirabile is a very rare vascular malformation and superior cerebellar artery (SCA) rete mirabile is not reported previously. We report a new case of rete mirabile of SCA initially detected by magnetic resonance imaging and transfemoral cerebral angiography.

Case Description: This report illustrates the case of a 58-year-old man who presented with vertical diplopia.

Safety and efficacy of anterior communicating artery compromise during endovascular coil embolization of adjoining aneurysms.

Objective: In the presence of symmetric A1 flow, the safety and efficacy of compromising the anterior communicating artery (ACoA) during coil embolization of ACoA aneurysms has yet to be evaluated. Herein, the authors describe their experience, focusing on procedural safety.

Methods: Between October 2012 and July 2017, 285 ACoA aneurysms with symmetric A1 flows were treated at the authors' institution by endovascular coil embolization.

Comparative analysis of coil embolization in posterior and anterior communicating artery aneurysms.

Background: Recanalization rates after coil embolization are known to be higher in cerebral aneurysms of the posterior (vs anterior) circulation. Although often grouped with anterior lesions, aneurysms of the posterior communicating artery (PcoA) may nevertheless behave differently.

Objective: We performed a comparative analysis to explore differences in recanalization rates of PcoA and anterior communicating artery (AcoA) aneurysms, both integral to the circle of Willis.

Selective compromise of hypoplastic posterior communicating artery variants with aneurysms treatable by coil embolization: clinical and radiologic outcomes.

Background: Posterior communicating artery (PcoA) compromise may serve as adjunctive treatment in patients with hypoplastic variants of PcoA who undergo coil embolization of PcoA aneurysms. However, procedural safety and the propensity for later recanalization are still unclear.

Objective: To evaluate clinical and radiologic outcomes of coil embolization in this setting, focusing on compromise of PcoA.

Growth pattern change of a benign clear cell 'sugar' tumor of the lung: Serial imaging surveillance over seven years.

Clear cell tumor of the lung is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor and only sporadic cases have been previously reported. The present study reports the case of a 58-year-old man who presented with an incidentally detected solitary pulmonary nodule. Based on comparisons with serial previous chest and spine radiographs, a growth pattern change in the nodule (initial gradual growth over 4.