DNA-free base editing in lettuce via in vitro transcribed base editors.

A newly developed RNA-based adenine and cytosine base editing system achieves targeted and efficient A-to-G and C-to-T conversions in lettuce. This DNA-free base editing method has potential uses in crop breeding and biotechnology.

Etiolation promotes protoplast transfection and genome editing efficiency.

In plants, DNA-free genome editing using preassembled clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-ribonucleoprotein (RNP) has the advantage of avoiding transgene integration and limiting off-target effects. The efficiency of this gene editing strategy can vary, so optimization of protoplast transfection conditions is necessary to achieve maximum yield. In this study, we examined the effects of etiolation, or increased exposure to darkness during cultivation, on the transfection efficiency of protoplasts from lettuce and Chinese cabbage.

The dispensability of V-V pairing and the indispensability of V domain integrity in the IgG1 secretion process.

The C domain of IgG antibodies controls assembly and secretion, mediated by the molecular chaperone BiP via the endoplasmic reticulum protein quality control (ERQC) mechanism. However, it is not clear whether the variable domains are necessary for this process. Here, we generated IgG1 antibodies in which the V domain (V and/or V) was either removed or replaced, and then assessed expression, assembly, and secretion in HEK293 cells.

Ethyl Acetate Fraction from a . Don Extract Inhibits ɑ-MSH-Induced Melanogenesis through the cAMP/CREB Pathway.

The whitening effect of reducing skin pigmentation is one of the most important goals of cosmetics. The purpose of this study was to determine whether extract and its fractions have potential as natural skin-lightening agents. Initially, we screened various fractions of extract using an in vitro antioxidant assay.

Safety and effectiveness of ambrisentan in real clinical practice in pulmonary arterial hypertension: Results from the Korean post-marketing surveillance.

Purpose: This regulatory post-marketing surveillance (PMS) was organized to identify the safety and effectiveness of ambrisentan in the Korean population.

Method: This was an open-label, multi-center PMS conducted from 31 institutions in Korea for 6 years from August 2015 to 2021, to evaluate the use of ambrisentan for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Inclusion criteria are Korean subjects with the World Health Organization functional classification (WHO Fc) II or III PAH who are new users or repeated users with ambrisentan (Volibris®) Tablet 5 or 10 mg per day (age >18 years old).

A Korean Post-Marketing Study of Abacavir/Dolutegravir/Lamivudine in Patients with HIV-1.

Background: Abacavir/dolutegravir/lamivudine has been indicated in Korea since 2015 for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in combination. This regulatory post-marketing surveillance (PMS) study evaluated the real-life safety and effectiveness of abacavir/dolutegravir/lamivudine in patients with HIV-1 in clinical practice in Korea.

Materials And Methods: This open-label post-marketing surveillance examined data from consecutive patients (aged ≥12 years) with HIV-1 infection receiving abacavir/dolutegravir/lamivudine according to locally approved prescribing information; treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced patients were permitted.

A Korean Post-Marketing Surveillance Study of Dolutegravir Single-Agent Tablets in Patients with HIV-1.

Background: The integrase strand transfer inhibitor dolutegravir has been indicated in Korea since 2014 for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in combination with other antiretroviral agents. This regulatory post-marketing surveillance (PMS) study evaluated the real-life safety and effectiveness of dolutegravir in patients with HIV-1 in clinical practice in Korea.

Materials And Methods: This open-label PMS study examined data from consecutive patients (aged ≥12 years) with HIV-1 infection receiving dolutegravir according to locally approved prescribing information; treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced patients were permitted.

An Open-Label, Multicentre, Observational, Post-Marketing Study to Monitor the Safety and Effectiveness of Umeclidinium/Vilanterol in Korean Patients.

Background: Umeclidinium/vilanterol (UMEC/VI; ANORO ELLIPTA, GSK) is a commonly used dual bronchodilator. This study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of UMEC/VI in Korean patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) over a 6-year period.

Methods: This was an open-label, multicentre, observational, post-marketing surveillance study.

Conditional constitutive expression system of a drug protein in vivo by positive feedback loop using an inducer-independent artificial transcription factor.

Bacterial-mediated drug delivery is a potential and promising strategy for the specific treatment of cancer with therapeutic molecules, especially with genetically encoded proteins. These proteins must be tightly regulated due to cytotoxicity and thus are usually expressed under the control of the P and TetA/TetR promoters in vivo. Since protein expression from these systems is triggered by exogenous inducer, periodic intravenous injection of inducer is necessary.

Overexpression of caveolin-1 attenuates brain edema by inhibiting tight junction degradation.

Cerebral edema from the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after cerebral ischemia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality as well as a common event in patients with stroke. Caveolins (Cavs) are thought to regulate BBB functions. Here, we report for the first time that Cav-1 overexpression (OE) decreased brain edema from BBB disruption following ischemic insult.

Drip, Ship, and On-Demand Endovascular Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Background: The "drip and ship" approach can facilitate an early initiation of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) at community hospitals. New endovascular treatment modalities, such as stent retrieval, have further improved the rate of safe and successful recanalization. We assessed the clinical outcomes of on-demand endovascular therapy in patients with AIS who were transported to a comprehensive stroke center under the "drip and ship" paradigm.

A case of Diphyllobothrium latum infection with a brief review of diphyllobothriasis in the Republic of Korea.

A case of Diphyllobothrium latum infection in a 49-year old man is described, and diphyllobothriasis latum in the Republic of Korea is briefly reviewed. An incomplete strobila of a tapeworm, 95 cm in length, without scolex and neck, was spontaneously discharged in the feces of a patient. On the basis of morphologic characteristics of the worm and eggs, the worm was identified as D.