Precision Diabetes Education and Support Considering Patients' Behavioral and Psychological Phenotype: A Q-Methodology Study.

Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is growing, and diabetes burden is increasing. Precision health in diabetes education and support employs different intervention strategies, depending on an individual's viewpoint on diabetes and self-management behaviors, to improve patients' treatment adherence, clinical outcomes, and quality of life.

Objective: To classify the behavioral and psychological phenotypes of self-management behaviors in adults taking oral glucose-lowering medications to develop a theory-driven, person-centered group intervention applicable to busy clinical settings.

Differences in patient-reported and clinical characteristics by age group in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Background: The global burden of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is growing, and the age of onset is widening, resulting in increasing numbers of young adults and elderly patients with T2D. Age-specific diabetes care needs have yet to be fully explored.

Aims: This study examined (1) differences in patient-reported and clinical characteristics by age group and (2) the effect of age on two proxy measures assessing psychological health and self-care adherence after adjusting for potential mediators.

Identifying Main Themes in Diabetes Management Interviews Using Natural Language Processing-Based Text Mining.

This study aimed to identify the main themes from exit interviews of adult patients with type 2 diabetes after completion of a diabetes education program. Eighteen participants with type 2 diabetes completed an exit interview regarding their program experience and satisfaction. Semistructured interview questions were used, and the interviews were auto-recorded.

Longitudinal changes in diet quality and food intake before and after diabetes awareness in American adults: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.

Introduction: Limited longitudinal research is available examining how American adults make dietary changes after learning they have diabetes. We examined the associations between diabetes awareness and changes in dietary quality and food intake in a prospective cohort from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.

Research Design And Methods: A nested case-control design was used.

Comparisons of Psycho-Behavioral Factors, Body Composition, and Clinical Outcomes in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes by Perceived Hypoglycemia.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the associations between perceived hypoglycemia and psycho-behavioral and clinical factors in persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: Adults with T2D were recruited from outpatient clinics in a university hospital in Korea. Sociodemographics, psycho-behavioral and clinical factors, and body composition were assessed.

Association of Cardiovascular Health Score With Early- and Later-Onset Diabetes and With Subsequent Vascular Complications of Diabetes.

BACKGROUND Little attention has been paid to how well the American Heart Association's cardiovascular health (CVH) score predicts early-onset diabetes in young adults. We investigated the association of CVH score with early- and later-onset diabetes and with subsequent complications of diabetes. METHODS AND RESULTS Our sample included 4547 Black and White adults in the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study without diabetes at baseline (1985-1986; aged 18-30 years) with complete data on the CVH score at baseline, including smoking, body mass index, physical activity, diet quality, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose.

Q-Methodology and Psychological Phenotyping to Design Patient-Centered Diabetes Education for Persons With Type 2 Diabetes on Insulin Therapy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the psychological phenotypes of persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D) on insulin therapy to better inform personalized diabetes education strategies to improve self-management behaviors.

Methods: Q-methodology, a research approach combining the quantitative rigor of statistical analysis with qualitative data on perception of diabetes self-management by persons with T2D on insulin therapy, was used. The Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activity measure and A1C in the past 6 months were used to further describe self-management behaviors of each P-sample, Q-sorter.

Characteristics associated with early- vs. later-onset adult diabetes: The CARDIA study.

Aims: Differences in risk profiles for individuals with early- (<40 years old) vs. later-onset (≥40 years old) diabetes were examined.

Methods: A nested case-comparison study design using 30-year longitudinal data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study was used.

Preconception Care to Reduce the Risks of Overweight and Obesity in Women of Reproductive Age: An Integrative Review.

Despite adverse pregnancy outcomes for women with overweight or obesity, preconception guidelines for achieving optimal wellness for women contemplating pregnancy regarding the risks of overweight or obesity are varied based upon national affiliation. The aim of this study was to synthesize the best evidence related to preconception counseling and care focused on overweight or obesity provided to women of reproductive age. An integrative review of original studies was conducted.

Client-Centered Breastfeeding-Promotion Strategies: Q Methodology.

Fewer Korean women are choosing the 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding that are recommended for obtaining its maximal benefits despite an increasing effort to promote breastfeeding. Successful breastfeeding education and counseling need to be segmentally designed on the basis of client characteristics. This study explored the perceptions of breastfeeding in pregnant and 6 month postpartum Korean women using the Q methodology, a useful research approach to examine personal perceptions, feelings, and values about a concept or phenomenon of interest and identify typologies of perspectives.

Advance Directives and Factors Associated with the Completion in Patients with Heart Failure.

Advance directive (AD) has been underutilized among patients with heart failure (HF). This study was performed to explore the ADs and examine factors associated with the completion of an AD survey in patients with HF. In a descriptive, correlational study, data on end-of-life values, treatment directives, and proxy (Korean-Advance Directive (K-AD) questionnaire) and factors associated with K-AD completion were collected among HF patients during outpatient visits.

Health Personnel's Knowledge, Attitudes, and Self-Efficacy Related to Providing Palliative Care in Persons with Chronic Diseases.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy related to palliative care among health care providers (doctors and nurses) in order to provide a basis to develop a training program for health care providers.

Methods: A correlational and descriptive study design was used. Participants were recruited from a university-affiliated hospital located in Daejeon and an e-nurse community.

Perceptions on good-life, good-death, and advance care planning in Koreans with non-cancerous chronic diseases.

Aims: This study explored perceptions on a good-life, good-death, and advance care planning in Koreans with non-cancerous chronic diseases with the goal to develop a culture-specific advance care planning intervention in this population.

Design: A qualitative descriptive design was used.

Methods: Data collections were conducted between September 2017 - June 2018.

Hospital admissions for hyperglycemic emergencies in young adults at an inner-city hospital.

Aims: There is limited information characterizing young adults (18-35 years) (YA) with diabetes, especially those admitted for hyperglycemic emergencies. The study aims were to examine associations of patient-level characteristics with hyperglycemic emergency hospitalization and to identify variations based on diabetes type and glycemic control.

Methods: We conducted retrospective analysis of 273 YA admitted to an inner-city hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHS).

Sleep, Lifestyle Behaviors, and Cardiometabolic Health Markers in Overweight/Obese Young Adults: A Pilot Study Using the SenseWear® Armband.

Aim: This pilot study examined associations between sleep quality and metabolic risk profiles, underlying hormones, inflammatory markers, and behaviors in overweight and obese young adults, aged 18-29 years.

Design: Cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational study design.

Method: A partial sample ( n = 29) was re-recruited from a parent study on screening for risk of early-onset diabetes.

Dietary Behaviors and Glucose Metabolism in Young Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes.

Purpose The purpose of the study was to examine the associations between dietary behaviors and glucose metabolism in high-risk young adults to increase the precision of nutrition education to prevent early onset type 2 diabetes (T2D). Method Using a descriptive, cross-sectional study design, 106 overweight or obese sedentary young adults ages 18-29 years from the Atlanta metropolitan area were recruited to screen diabetes risk. Survey questionnaires, anthropometric assessment, blood pressure (BP), and laboratory data were collected in a clinical research unit.

Understanding How Overweight and Obese Emerging Adults Make Lifestyle Choices.

Unlabelled: To better understand health-related decision making among overweight and obese emerging adults.

Design And Methods: A cross-sectional design was used in the parent study involving overweight and obese emerging adults, ages 18-29 years. The goal of the parent study was to screen participants' diabetes risk and identify characteristics of emerging adults with prediabetes (N=107).

A Self-assessment Tool for Screening Young Adults at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Using Strong Heart Family Study Data.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to characterize risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes in young adults aged 18 to 29 years to develop a noninvasive risk assessment tool for use with younger American populations.

Methods: The self-assessment tool was developed with the Strong Heart Family Study data. A total of 590 young American Indian adults (242 men) who had normoglycemia and were not receiving diabetes treatment were included.

Body size perception and ideal body size in overweight and obese young adult women.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the differences among actual body size, perceived body size, and ideal body size in overweight and obese young adult women.

Methods: Actual body size was assessed by body mass index (BMI), while self-perceived and ideal body sizes were assessed by the Body image assessment tool-body dimension. Descriptive statistics were calculated and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on actual BMI as a function of perceived BMI.

Preventive strategies to reduce depressive symptoms in overweight and obese young adults.

This study examined the relationships among problem-solving, physical activity self-efficacy, leisure-time physical activity, and depressive symptoms in overweight/obese young adults vulnerable to many health risks. Data from 96 young adults were used. The mean age and body mass index were 24.

A Systematic Review of Transitional Care for Emerging Adults with Diabetes.

The prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in adolescents is increasing. A systematic review of 31 research articles focusing on transitional care for adolescents or emerging adults with diabetes or prediabetes was completed. Studies focused on those with type 1 diabetes, not type 2 diabetes or prediabetes, and were primarily descriptive.

Lifestyle habits and obesity progression in overweight and obese American young adults: Lessons for promoting cardiometabolic health.

Obesity among young adults is a growing problem in the United States and is related to unhealthy lifestyle habits, such as high caloric intake and inadequate exercise. Accurate assessment of lifestyle habits across obesity stages is important for informing age-specific intervention strategies to prevent and reduce obesity progression. Using a modified version of the Edmonton Obesity Staging System (mEOSS), a new scale for defining obesity risk and predicting obesity morbidity and mortality, this cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence of overweight/obese conditions in 105 young adults and compared their lifestyle habits across the mEOSS stages.

Low parent health literacy is associated with 'obesogenic' infant care behaviours.

Implications for practice and research: Obesogenic infant care behaviours may increase childhood obesity, and predict obesity and related health risks in adulthood. Poor parent health literacy predicts poor child health outcomes including childhood obesity. Nurses should assess parent health literacy and provide appropriate support to prevent obesogenic infant care behaviours.