Divergent Crosstalk Between Microglia and T Cells in Brain Cancers: Implications for Novel Therapeutic Strategies.

: Brain cancers represent a formidable oncological challenge characterized by their aggressive nature and resistance to conventional therapeutic interventions. The tumor microenvironment has emerged as a critical determinant of tumor progression and treatment efficacy. Within this complex ecosystem, microglia and macrophages play fundamental roles, forming intricate networks with peripheral immune cell populations, particularly T cells.

Controlling tumor progression and recurrence in mice through combined treatment with a PD-L1 inhibitor and a designer strain that delivers GM-CSF.

Combination therapy with checkpoint inhibitors blocks inhibitory immune cell signaling and improves clinical responses to anticancer treatments. However, continued development of innovative and controllable delivery systems for immune-stimulating agents is necessary to optimize clinical responses. Herein, we engineered to deliver recombinant granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in a controllable manner for combination treatment with a programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor.

Bacterial cancer therapy using the attenuated fowl-adapted serovar Gallinarum.

We report here a novel anti-cancer therapy based on an avian-host-specific serotype serovar Gallinarum () deficient in ppGpp synthesis. To monitor the tumor targeting, a bioluminescent ΔppGpp was constructed and injected intravenously into mice bearing syngeneic and human xenograft tumors. Strong bioluminescent signals were detected specifically in all grafted tumors at 2 days post-injection (dpi).

Constitutive Expression of a Cytotoxic Anticancer Protein in Tumor-Colonizing Bacteria.

Bacterial cancer therapy is a promising next-generation modality to treat cancer that often uses tumor-colonizing bacteria to deliver cytotoxic anticancer proteins. However, the expression of cytotoxic anticancer proteins in bacteria that accumulate in the nontumoral reticuloendothelial system (RES), mainly the liver and spleen, is considered detrimental. This study examined the fate of the strain MG1655 and an attenuated strain of serovar Gallinarum ( Gallinarum) with defective ppGpp synthesis after intravenous injection into tumor-bearing mice (~10 colony forming units/animal).