Machine learning prediction model of the treatment response in schizophrenia reveals the importance of metabolic and subjective characteristics.

Predicting early treatment response in schizophrenia is pivotal for selecting the best therapeutic approach. Utilizing machine learning (ML) technique, we aimed to formulate a model predicting antipsychotic treatment outcomes. Data were obtained from 299 patients with schizophrenia from three multicenter, open-label, non-comparative clinical trials.

Clinical outcomes of the implementation of acute care surgery system in South Korea: a multi-centre, retrospective cohort study.

Background: In emergency general surgery (EGS), rapid judgement and prompt emergency surgery play a significant role in determining the patient's prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate whether implementing the acute care surgery (ACS) system in Korea has improved the clinical outcomes of patients.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at three tertiary hospitals in Korea.

Optimizing epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment in lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the influence of gastric acid suppressants.

Background: The introduction of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has revolutionized advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. However, their efficacy can be compromised by concurrent use of gastric acid suppressants (GASs), such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine 2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs). This study aimed to update the evidence on the impact of GASs on the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients on EGFR-TKI treatment.

[Development and Effectiveness of Progressive Simulation Education Program on Medication Safety for Nursing Students].

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and verify a progressive simulation education program aimed at enhancing nursing students' medication safety competency.

Methods: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was adopted. The participants were 40 third-year nursing students with no prior simulation education experience, comprising 20 each in the experimental and control groups.

General Hospital Nurses' Experience and Perception of Person-Centered Care: A Phenomenological Study.

This study explored the general hospital nurses' experiences and perceptions of providing person-centered care using a Giorgi's phenomenological approach. Through purposive sampling, 10 nurses were selected from five general hospitals in Korea. We identified 83 codes, which were integrated into 17 subconstituents and further into four constituents: "A comprehensive approach based on love for humanity," "Providing customized nursing care through an individual approach," "Building the expertise required as a nurse," and "Challenges to actual nursing practice.

TIGAR coordinates senescence-associated secretory phenotype via lysosome repositioning and α-tubulin deacetylation.

TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) regulates redox homeostasis and provides the intermediates necessary for cell growth by reducing the glycolytic rate. During cellular senescence, cells undergo metabolic rewiring towards the glycolytic pathway, along with the development of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), also known as the secretome. We observed that TIGAR expression increased during replicative senescence following the in vitro expansion of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and that TIGAR knockout (KO) decreased SASP factors and triggered premature senescence with decelerated progression.

Performance of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 on the Korean Pharmacist Licensing Examination: Comparison Study.

Background: ChatGPT, a recently developed artificial intelligence chatbot and a notable large language model, has demonstrated improved performance on medical field examinations. However, there is currently little research on its efficacy in languages other than English or in pharmacy-related examinations.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of GPT models on the Korean Pharmacist Licensing Examination (KPLE).

Circadian regulation of endoplasmic reticulum calcium response in cultured mouse astrocytes.

The circadian clock, an internal time-keeping system orchestrates 24 hr rhythms in physiology and behavior by regulating rhythmic transcription in cells. Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cells, play crucial roles in CNS functions, but the impact of the circadian clock on astrocyte functions remains largely unexplored. In this study, we identified 412 circadian rhythmic transcripts in cultured mouse cortical astrocytes through RNA sequencing.

Enhanced Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antibiofilm Activities of Tryptophan-Substituted Peptides Derived from Cecropin A-Melittin Hybrid Peptide BP100.

The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens necessitates the development of novel antimicrobial agents. BP100, a short α-helical antimicrobial peptide (AMP) derived from cecropin A and melittin, has shown promise as a potential therapeutic. To enhance its efficacy, we designed and synthesized 16 tryptophan-substituted BP100 analogs based on helical wheel projections.

Reliable Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis for Pediatrics Using Machine Learning and Explainable AI.

As the demand for early and accurate diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) increases, the integration of machine learning (ML) and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) is emerging as a critical advancement that promises to revolutionize intervention strategies by improving both accuracy and transparency. This paper presents a method that combines XAI techniques with a rigorous data-preprocessing pipeline to improve the accuracy and interpretability of ML-based diagnostic tools. Our preprocessing pipeline included outlier removal, missing data handling, and selecting pertinent features based on clinical expert advice.

Assembly of Custom Implant and Ready-Made Distractor for Precise Maxillary Movement Vector Control in Cleft Patient With Midfacial Hypoplasia.

This study presents a novel approach for maxillary advancement in a patient with cleft lip and palate, utilizing the assembly of a custom titanium implant and a ready-made distractor. The patient exhibited significant maxillary hypoplasia and had concerns regarding the possible deterioration of hypernasality after conventional surgical methods. Distraction osteogenesis was initiated to address these challenges.

Protonation-Driven Polarization Retention Failure in Nano-Columnar Lead-Free Ferroelectric Thin Films.

Understanding microscopic mechanisms of polarization retention characteristics in ferroelectric thin films is of great significance for exploring unusual physical phenomena inaccessible in the bulk counterparts and for realizing thin-film-based functional electronic devices. Perovskite (K,Na)NbO is an excellent class of lead-free ferroelectric oxides attracting tremendous interest thanks to its potential applications to nonvolatile memory and eco-friendly energy harvester/storage. Nonetheless, in-depth investigation of ferroelectric properties of (K,Na)NbO films and the following developments of nano-devices are limited due to challenging thin-film fabrication associated with nonstoichiometry by volatile K and Na atoms.

Concordant and discordant breast density patterns by different approaches for assessing breast density and breast cancer risk.

Purpose: To examine the discrepancy in breast density assessments by radiologists, LIBRA software, and AI algorithm and their association with breast cancer risk.

Methods: Among 74,610 Korean women aged ≥ 34 years, who underwent screening mammography, density estimates obtained from both LIBRA and the AI algorithm were compared to radiologists using BI-RADS density categories (A-D, designating C and D as dense breasts). The breast cancer risks were compared according to concordant or discordant dense breasts identified by radiologists, LIBRA, and AI.

Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Anti-inflammatory Effects of a Novel Thrombin-Derived Peptide in Sepsis Models: Insights into Underlying Mechanisms.

We developed two short helical antimicrobial peptides, HVF18-a3 and its d-enantiomer, HVF18-a3-d, derived from the thrombin C-terminal peptide HVF18. These peptides exhibit potent antimicrobial activity against various bacteria by compromising both the outer and inner membranes, with low hemolytic activity. They are stable in the presence of physiological salts and human serum, exhibiting a low potential for developing drug resistance and excellent antibiofilm activity against Gram-negative bacteria.

Dramatic improvement of drug-resistant epilepsy following cerebral infarction: a case report.

Background: An estimated 30% of patients with epilepsy experience drug-resistant epilepsy, which is the failure to control seizures despite the use of two or more antiseizure medications. Although other treatment options are considered, these alternatives often prove ineffective.

Case Presentation: A 60-year-old East Asian male patient diagnosed with drug-resistant epilepsy experienced several seizures daily despite being on eight different antiseizure medications.

Identifying clinical and proteomic markers for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of major psychiatric disorders.

Background: To clarify if blood proteins can predict disease progression among individuals at clinical high-risk of severe mental illness (CHR-SMI), we developed a statistical model incorporating clinical and blood protein markers to distinguish the transition group (who developed severe mental illness) (CHR-SMI-T) and from non-transition group (CHR-SMI-NT) at baseline.

Methods: Ninety individuals (74 at CHR-SMI: 16 patients) were monitored for ≤4 years and were the focus of predictive models. Three predictive models (1 [100 clinical variables], 2 [158 peptides], and 3 [100 clinical variables +158 peptides]) were evaluated using area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) values.

Rapamycin treatment during prolonged maturation enhances the developmental competence of immature porcine oocytes.

Porcine oocytes undergo maturation (IVM) for 42-44 h. During this period, most oocytes proceed to metaphase and then to pro-metaphase if the nucleus has sufficiently matured. Forty-four hours is sufficient for oocyte nuclear maturation but not for full maturation of the oocyte cytoplasm.

Misinterpretation of a skin fold artifact as pneumothorax on the chest x-ray of a trauma patient in Korea: a case report.

Misinterpreting radiographic findings can lead to unnecessary interventions and potential patient harm. The urgency required when responding to the compromised health of trauma patients can increase the likelihood of misinterpreting chest x-rays in critical situations. We present the case report of a trauma patient whose skin fold artifacts were mistaken for pneumothorax on a follow-up chest x-ray, resulting in unnecessary chest tube insertion.

The therapeutic effect of 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol on chemically induced atopic dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease worldwide. However, it is still urgent to develop innovative treatments that can effectively manage refractory patients with unpredictable chronic disease courses. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol (PLAG) as a novel agent for AD treatment using a human-like mouse model of AD.

Direct ink writing of high explosive composites containing metal-organic frameworks.

Smart weapon systems are being miniaturised for widespread application in high-energy materials, necessitating the development of processable and printable high explosive (HEs) composites that can be detonated with a small critical diameter. This study presents an efficient strategy for fabricating HE composites with exceptional detonation performance. We developed an HE ink based on 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX), consisting of a glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) as a binder and a metal-organic framework (MOF) as an additive.

UCHL1 Overexpression Is Related to the Aggressive Phenotype of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), which encodes thiol protease that hydrolyzes a peptide bond at the C-terminal glycine residue of ubiquitin, regulates cell differentiation, proliferation, transcriptional regulation, and numerous other biological processes and may be involved in lung cancer progression. UCHL1 is mainly expressed in the brain and plays a tumor-promoting role in a few cancer types; however, there are limited reports regarding its role in lung cancer.

Methods: Single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing using 10X chromium v3 was performed on a paired normal-appearing and tumor tissue from surgical specimens of a patient who showed unusually rapid progression.

Regenerative capacity of alveolar type 2 cells is proportionally reduced following disease progression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis-derived organoid cultures.

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive lung disease that leads to respiratory failure and death due to irreversible scarring of the distal lung. While historically considered a chronic inflammatory disorder, the aberrant function of the alveolar epithelium is now recognized to play a central role in IPF pathophysiology.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the regenerative capacity of AT2 cells using IPF-derived alveolar organoids and to examine the effects of disease progression on this capacity.