Functional status recovery trajectories in hospitalised older adults with pneumonia.

Background And Objectives: Pneumonia is associated with significant mortality and morbidity in older adults. We investigated changes in functional status over 6 months after pneumonia hospitalisation by frailty status.

Methods And Measurements: This single-centre prospective cohort study enrolled 201 patients (mean age 79.

Comparison of Frailty Index to Pneumonia Severity Measures in Older Patients With Pneumonia.

Objectives: Risk stratification tools are useful to provide appropriate clinical care for older patients with pneumonia. This study aimed to compare a Frailty Index (FI) with pneumonia severity measures, CURB-65, and the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI), for predicting mortality and persistent disability after pneumonia.

Design: Single-center prospective cohort study.

Comparison of radical prostatectomy and external beam radiotherapy in high-risk prostate cancer.

Purpose: We evaluated clinical outcomes of high-risk prostate cancer patients receiving external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or radical prostatectomy (RP).

Materials And Methods: Patients were classified as high-risk prostate cancer and received definitive treatment between 2005 and 2015. Patients with previous pelvic radiotherapy, positive lymph node or distant metastasis were excluded.

Frailty and hospitalization-associated disability after pneumonia: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in older adults. The role of frailty assessment in older adults with pneumonia is not well defined. Our purpose of the study was to investigate 30-day clinical course and functional outcomes of pneumonia in older adults with different levels of frailty.

Reactive-oxygen-species-mediated mechanism for photoinduced antibacterial and antiviral activities of AgPO.

Cubic-shaped AgPO crystals with a mean size of 1 μm were synthesized by a precipitation method from a mixed solution of AgNO, NaHPO, and triethanolamine. The antibacterial activities against , , and DC3000 in both the absence and presence of AgPO under dark conditions and in the presence of AgPO under red-light (625 nm) and blue-light (460 nm) irradiation were examined. The concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also measured in the antibacterial action of the AgPO against The photoinduced enhancement of the AgPO antibacterial activity under blue-light irradiation is explained by the formation of ROS during the antibacterial action of the AgPO.

Construction of replication-competent oncolytic retroviral vectors expressing R peptide-truncated 10A1 envelope glycoprotein.

Replication-deficient retroviral (RDR) vectors have been generally used for gene therapy, but clinically beneficial transduction efficiency is difficult to achieve with these vectors. In recent times, attention has been focused on the use of murine leukemia virus (MLV)-based replication-competent retroviral (RCR) vectors. RCR vectors have been shown to achieve efficient tumor reduction in a wide variety of cancer models.

Upregulated expression of BCL2, MCM7, and CCNE1 indicate cisplatin-resistance in the set of two human bladder cancer cell lines: T24 cisplatin sensitive and T24R2 cisplatin resistant bladder cancer cell lines.

Purpose: The mechanism of resistance to cisplatin during treatment of bladder cancer (BC) has been a subject of intense investigation in clinical research. This study aims to identify candidate genes associated with resistance to cisplatin, in order to understand the resistance mechanism of BC cells to the drug, by combining the use of microarray profiling, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Western blot analyses.

Materials And Methods: The cisplatin sensitive human BC cell line (T24) and the cisplatin resistant BC cell line, T24R2, were used for microarray analysis to determine the differential expression of genes that are significant in cisplatin resistance.

The Quantified Level of Circulating Prostate Stem Cell Antigen mRNA relative to GAPDH Level Is a Clinically Significant Indictor for Predicting Biochemical Recurrence in Prostate Cancer Patients after Radical Prostatectomy.

The study quantified the relative absolute PSCA level in relation to the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) level in the peripheral blood of 478 hormone-naive prostate cancer (PC) patients who underwent radical prostatectomy from 2005 to 2012 and evaluated its prognostic significance as a risk factor for predicting biochemical recurrence (BCR), compared to known parameters. Nested real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and gel electrophoresis detected PSCA levels and measured the PSCA/GAPDH ratio. Clinicopathological data from the institutional database were examined to determine the adequate cut-off level to predict postoperative BCR.

Effect of preoperative urodynamic detrusor overactivity on post-prostatectomy incontinence: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To investigate whether preoperative urodynamic detrusor overactivity (DO) contributes to post-prostatectomy incontinence (PPI).

Methods: We systematically searched the online PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases spanning the period of January 1989 to December 2014.

Results: A total of nine articles met the eligibility criteria for this systematic review.

A Study of Relationship of Atheroembolic Risk Factors with Postoperative Recovery in Renal Function after Partial Nephrectomy in Patients Staged T1-2 Renal Cell Carcinoma during Median 4-Year Follow-up.

Purpose: The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship of atheroembolic risk factors with postoperative recovery of renal function after on-clamp partial nephrectomy (PN) with warm ischemia in patients with staged T1-2 renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Materials And Methods: A total of 234 patients from 2004 to 2012 were included, and their clinicopathologic and operative parameters, including atheroembolic risk factors were reviewed retrospectively. Renal function, as determined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and measurement of serum creatinine level (Cr) at each scheduled follow-up for a median four years, was compared between the high-risk (HR) group (n=49, ≥ five risk factors) and the low-risk (LR) group (n=185, < five risk factors).

A propensity-matched comparison of perioperative complications and of chronic kidney disease between robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and radiofrequency ablative therapy.

Objective: The study presents a matched-pair analysis of robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RALPN) versus radiofrequency ablation (RFA) to compare the perioperative incidence of complications and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: All 46 RFA and 206 RALPN cases from June 2005 to December 2011 were retrospectively reviewed from the medical records and were matched 1:1 based on propensity scores by sex, tumor size, tumor laterality of kidney, tumor location within the kidney, and clinical T stage. Hilar vessel clamping was performed in all RALPN patients.

Long-term oncologic outcomes of hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for clinically localized renal cell carcinoma: a multi-institutional comparative study.

Background: We aimed to assess the long-term oncologic outcome of hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (HLRN) compared with open radical nephrectomy (ORN) in patients with clinically localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data from 1098 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy at five institutions in Korea between 2000 and 2011 for clinically localized RCC. One hundred ninety-seven patients in the HLRN group were compared with 901 patients in the ORN group.

A retrospective analysis of incidence and its associated risk factors of upper urinary tract recurrence following radical cystectomy for bladder cancer with transitional cell carcinoma: the significance of local pelvic recurrence and positive lymph node.

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the incidence and risk factors of upper urinary tract recurrence (UUTR) following radical cystectomy (RC) in bladder cancer and to evaluate its relationship with neobladder (Neo) or ileal conduit (IC).

Materials And Methods: All clinicopathologic parameters and perioperative parameters of 311 patients who underwent RC with either Neo or IC by a single surgeon from 1999 to 2012 were retrospectively included in this study. Patients with a history of renal surgery, concomitant UUTR, or a histopathology of non-transitional cell carcinoma were excluded.

Incidence and risk factors of 30-day early and 90-day late morbidity and mortality of radical cystectomy during a 13-year follow-up: a comparative propensity-score matched analysis of complications between neobladder and ileal conduit.

Objective: We report on the short and late morbidity and mortality of ileal conduit and neobladder after radical cystectomy with their associated risk factors.

Methods: We retrospectively collected data on 308 non-metastatic bladder cancer patients who underwent radical cystectomy with either ileal conduit or neobladder for a curative intent from January 1999 to December 2011. Post-operative morbidity and mortality of 30-day (early) and 90-day (late) complication with their risk factors were examined in association with different types of urinary diversion.

Is high-dose leuprorelin acetate effective and safe in asian men with prostate cancer? An open-label, non-comparative, multi-center clinical trial.

Purpose: Leuprorelin is a well known luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist. However, there are insufficient data on the efficacy and safety of high dose leuprorelin acetate, especially in Asian patients with prostate cancer. We aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of leuprorelin acetate 22.

Localized non-conventional renal cell carcinoma: prediction of clinical outcome according to histology.

Objective: A wide variety of parameters have been investigated in the prognostic significance of non-conventional clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Aim of the present study was to compare its clinical outcome and to determine the independent prognostic factors according to the histology.

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled localized non-conventional clear cell renal cell carcinomas (T1a-T4N0M0), including Xp11.

Partial nephrectomy versus radical nephrectomy for non-metastatic pathological T3a renal cell carcinoma: a multi-institutional comparative analysis.

Objectives: To compare the recurrence-free survival of partial nephrectomy and radical nephrectomy in patients with non-metastatic pathological T3a renal cell carcinoma.

Methods: We reviewed the records of 3567 patients who had undergone a nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma at five institutions in Korea from January 2000 to December 2010. The clinical data of 45 patients with pathological T3a renal cell carcinoma in the partial nephrectomy group were compared with 298 patients with pathological T3a renal cell carcinoma in the radical nephrectomy group.

Clinical significance of a large difference (≥ 2 points) between biopsy and post-prostatectomy pathological Gleason scores in patients with prostate cancer.

We investigated the clinical significance of large difference (≥ 2 points) between biopsy-derived (bGS) and post-prostatectomy Gleason scores (pGS). At 14 medical centers in Korea, 1,582 men who underwent radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer were included. According to the difference between bGS and pGS, the patients were divided into three groups: A (decreased in pGS ≥ 2, n = 30), B (changed in pGS ≤ 1, n = 1,361; control group), and C (increased in pGS ≥ 2, n = 55).

The histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A synergistically resensitizes a cisplatin resistant human bladder cancer cell line.

Purpose: Cisplatin is the mainstay of treatment for advanced bladder cancer. However, intrinsic or acquired resistance to cisplatin is common, which severely limits its therapeutic potential. We determined the synergistic antitumor effect of cisplatin and the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A in cisplatin resistant human bladder cancer cells.

Nomogram to predict insignificant prostate cancer at radical prostatectomy in Korean men: a multi-center study.

Purpose: Due to the availability of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing, the detection rate of insignificant prostate cancer (IPC) is increasing. To ensure better treatment decisions, we developed a nomogram to predict the probability of IPC.

Materials And Methods: The study population consisted of 1,471 patients who were treated at multiple institutions by radical prostatectomy without neoadjuvant therapy from 1995 to 2008.

Preoperative nomograms for predicting extracapsular extension in Korean men with localized prostate cancer: a multi-institutional clinicopathologic study.

We developed a nomogram to predict the probability of extracapsular extension (ECE) in localized prostate cancer and to determine when the neurovascular bundle (NVB) may be spared. Total 1,471 Korean men who underwent radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer between 1995 and 2008 were included. We drew nonrandom samples of 1,031 for nomogram development, leaving 440 samples for nomogram validation.

Histologic type, staging, and distribution of germ cell tumors in Korean adults.

Objectives: To investigate the presentation of germ cell tumors (GCT) in terms of histology and stage, to better clarify the epidemiology of this disease in eastern Asia.

Methods: Six hundred ninety-eight patients diagnosed with GCT between 1995 and 2004 were analyzed. Clinical parameters at the time of initial diagnosis were classified in terms of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) tumor, nodes, metastasis staging (TNMS) system, the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Classification (IGCCC), for high-risk stage I nonseminomatous GCT (NSGCT) of testis.

Upregulation of Bcl-2 is associated with cisplatin-resistance via inhibition of Bax translocation in human bladder cancer cells.

The efficacy of cisplatin in cancer chemotherapy is limited by the development of resistance. To elucidate the molecular basis of resistance to cisplatin, we compared cisplatin-induced apoptotic responses of the parental human bladder cancer cell line, T24 and its resistant subclone, T24R2. In T24 cells, cisplatin induce apoptosis and the activation of caspase-8, -9 and -3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage.

Metastasis of transitional cell carcinoma to the lower abdominal wall 20 years after cystectomy.

Iatrogenic implantation has been the main cause in the majority of cases of transitional call carcinoma (TCC) with metastasis to the abdominal wall. A 66-year-old woman had undergone radical cystectomy 20 years prior to presenting. Radiological investigations revealed one mass in the left lower abdominal wall and one mass in the right inguinal area.

Survey of incidence of urological cancer in South Korea: a 15-year summary.

Background: Although the pattern of cancer incidence in South Korea is not the same as that of western countries, urological cancer will become one of the major cancers in South Korea in the near future. The pattern of cancer in South Korea is becoming steadily similar to that in western countries. It is, therefore, important to understand the epidemiological features of cancer.