A sucrose-utilization pathway was developed in Pseudomonas putida using sacC from Mannheimia succiniciproducens, which encodes a β-fructofuranosidase that hydrolyzes sucrose into glucose and fructose. Excretion of β-fructofuranosidase into the culture medium was confirmed via western blot analysis. In nitrogen-limited cultivation, P.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWhile Pacific oysters are important commercial aquaculture species worldwide, the effect of hormonal regulation and environmental conditions on growth and taste profile have not been fully known. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) systems are known to play a major role in regulating neuroendocrine functions across various physiological processes and are particularly involved in growth. IGFs expression also is directly related to the nutritional status of vertebrates, however, full mechanism has not been clearly identified in bivalves.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBased on the current situation of Korean culture and society, the population of companion animals in South Korea is growing rapidly along with zoonotic risks. The current data regarding zoonotic infections in companion dogs reported in Korea is sparse. This study aims to investigate the seroprevalence of seven potential zoonotic pathogens in companion dogs in South Korea: Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdoferi, Ehrlichia canis, Coxiella burnetii, Brucella canis, Leptospira spp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo identify an economically viable waste management system for bioplastics, thermoplastic starch (TPS) and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) were anaerobically digested under hydrogen (H)/carbon dioxide (CO) and nitrogen (N) gas-purged conditions to compare methane (CH) production and biodegradation. Regardless of the type of bioplastics, CH production was consistently higher with H/CO than with N. The highest amount of CH was produced at 307.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLumpy skin disease (LSD) is one of the most important emerging transboundary diseases. Recently, LSD has emerged in many countries in the northern hemisphere. The LSD virus has a huge genome and is highly resistant to environmental conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDespite the immunogenicity of vaccines currently used in poultry, several pathogens, including avian influenza virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV), cause enormous economic losses to the global poultry industry. The efficacy of vaccines can be improved by the introduction of effective adjuvants. This study evaluated a novel water-in-oil emulsion adjuvant, CAvant® WO-60, which effectively enhanced both the immunogenicity of conserved influenza antigen sM2HA2 and inactivated whole H9N2 antigen (iH9N2).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStem cell-based therapy has been highlighted as a potential avenue to promote tissue regeneration, where stimulation of stem cells to differentiate into the targeted cell type is essential. One of the factors that induce stem cells to differentiate is their surrounding microenvironment. In this study, the correlation between mild reductant and early osteogenic commitment was evaluated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe have reported that autophagy is crucial for clearance of amyloidogenic human IAPP (hIAPP) oligomer, suggesting that an autophagy enhancer could be a therapeutic modality against human diabetes with amyloid accumulation. Here, we show that a recently identified autophagy enhancer (MSL-7) reduces hIAPP oligomer accumulation in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived β-cells (hiPSC-β-cells) and diminishes oligomer-mediated apoptosis of β-cells. Protective effects of MSL-7 against hIAPP oligomer accumulation and hIAPP oligomer-mediated β-cell death are significantly reduced in cells with knockout of MiTF/TFE family members such as Tfeb or Tfe3.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHere, we found two genomic safe harbor (GSH) candidates from chromosomes 3 and 8, based on large-scale population-based cohort data from 4,694 Koreans by CNV analysis. Furthermore, estimated genotype of these CNVRs was validated by quantitative real-time PCR, and epidemiological data examined no significant genetic association between diseases or traits and two CNVRs. After screening the GSH candidates by approaches, we designed TALEN pairs to integrate EGFP expression cassette into human cell lines in order to confirm the functionality of GSH candidates in an setting.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (WRS) is one of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) that possesses noncanonical functions. Full-length WRS is released during bacterial infection and primes the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2) complex to elicit innate immune responses. However, the role of WRS in viral infection remains unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFis the most frequently mutated oncogene in human tumors, and its activating mutations represent important therapeutic targets. The combination of Cas9 and guide RNA from the CRISPR-Cas system recognizes a specific DNA sequence and makes a double-strand break, which enables editing of the relevant genes. Here, we harnessed CRISPR to specifically target mutant alleles in cancer cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that attempts to restore or regenerate tissues and organs through biomimetic fabrication of scaffolds with specific functionality. In recent years, graphene oxide (GO) is considered as promising biomaterial due to its nontoxicity, high dispersity, and hydrophilic interaction, and these characteristics are key to stimulating the interactions between substrates and cells.
Method: In this study, GO substrates were fabricated via chemically immobilizing GO at 1.
Dense granule protein-7 (GRA-7) is an excretory protein of Toxoplasma gondii. It is a potential serodiagnostic marker and vaccine candidate for toxoplasmosis. Previous reports demonstrated that GRA-7 induces innate immune responses in macrophages by interacting with TRAF6 via the MyD88-dependent pathway.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe importance of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) in angiogenesis has been highlighted in recent studies, but other roles of this multi-functional enzyme in endothelial cell (EC) function still remains to be fully elucidated. We previously showed that the extracellular TG2 is involved in maintaining tubule formation in ECs by a mechanism involving matrix-bound vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signalling. Here, by using the ECs and fibroblast co-culture and ECs 3D culture models, we demonstrate a further role for TG2 in both endothelial tubule formation and in tubule loss, which involves its role in the regulation of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and Smad signalling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRubicon is part of a Beclin-1-Vps34-containing autophagy complex. Rubicon induces antimicrobial responses upon Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation and functions as a feedback inhibitor to prevent unbalanced proinflammatory responses depending on dectin-1 signaling. However, the role played by Rubicon during antiviral immune responses, particularly the type I interferon (IFN) responses, remains largely unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: We aimed to assess the risk for coronary artery calcification (CAC) according to groups subdivided by body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in apparently healthy Korean adults.
Methods: Thirty-three thousand four hundred and thirty-two participants (mean age, 42 years) in a health screening program were divided into three groups according to BMI: <23 kg/m² (normal), 23 to 25 kg/m² (overweight), and >25 kg/m² (obese). In addition, the participants were divided into two groups according to WC.
Bone remodeling process relies on complex signaling pathway between osteoblasts and osteoclasts and control mechanisms to achieve homeostasis of their growth and differentiation. Despite previous achievements in understanding complicated signaling pathways between cells and bone extracellular matrices during bone remodeling process, a role of local ionic concentration remains to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that synthetic whitlockite (WH: CaMg(HPO)(PO)) nanoparticles can recapitulate early-stage of bone regeneration through stimulating osteogenic differentiation, prohibiting osteoclastic activity, and transforming into mechanically enhanced hydroxyapatite (HAP)-neo bone tissues by continuous supply of PO and Mg under physiological conditions.
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