Prorocentin-5: A Cytotoxic Polyketide from the Benthic Marine Dinoflagellate .

Prorocentrin-5 () was isolated from the benthic marine dinoflagellate . A combination of NMR spectroscopy, quantum chemical calculations, and chemical reactions was then employed to elucidate its molecular structure, including the configurations of all stereogenic centers. In cytotoxicity assays, prorocentin-5 exhibited potent activity against the HCT-116 and Neuro2a cell lines, with IC values of 4.

Ameliorative effects of Wikstroemia trichotoma 95% EtOH extract on a mouse model of DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The genus Wikstroemia has been extensively utilized in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the management of conditions such as coughs, edema, arthritis, and bronchitis. Studies have indicated that the crude extracts of Wikstroemia exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-allergy, anti-aging, skin psoriasis, anti-cancer, and antiviral properties. In addition, these extracts are known to contain bioactive substances, including flavonoids, coumarins, and lignans.

Chemometric approach for an application of Atlantic salmons () by-product for potential food sources.

This study identified the aroma profile of salmon by-product for high utilization of by-products, including hydrolysates of head, frame, and skin were treated with reducing sugars and thermal processing. Electronic nose (E-nose) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) coupled with gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) were used to analyzed the aroma profile. A total of 140 and 90 volatile compounds were detected through E-nose and GC-MS respectively, and the main volatile compounds were aldehydes.

Tumor-specific cytolysis by peptide-conjugated echogenic polymer micelles.

Interest in multifunctional polymer nanoparticles for targeted delivery of anti-cancer drugs has grown significantly in recent years. In this study, tumor-targeting echogenic polymer micelles were prepared from poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether-alkyl carbonate (mPEG-AC) derivatives, and their potential in cancer therapy was assessed. Various mPEG derivatives with carbonate linkages were synthesized via an alkyl halide reaction between mPEG and alkyl chloroformate.

Chemical Constituents of Halophyte and Their Therapeutic Potential for Hair Loss.

, a halophyte in the Amaranthaceae family, exhibits remarkable resilience to high salt and alkali stresses despite the absence of salt glands or vesicles in its leaves. While there is growing pharmacological interest in , research on its secondary metabolites remains limited. In this study, chemical constituents of the aerial parts of were identified using 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments, and its biological activity concerning hair loss was newly reported.

Two New Components from an Association of Marine Sponges sp. and sp. and Their Inhibitory Effects on Biomarkers for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), characterized by the enlargement of the prostate gland and subsequent lower urinary tract symptoms, poses a significant health concern for aging men with increasing prevalence. Extensive efforts encompassing in vitro and in vivo models are underway to identify novel and effective agents for the management and treatment of BPH. Research endeavors are primarily channeled toward assessing the potential of compounds to inhibit cell proliferation, curb inflammation, and display anti-androgenic activity.

Evaluation of the Chemosensoric Properties of Commercially Available Dog Foods Using Electronic Sensors and GC-MS/O Analysis.

Pet owners think of their animals as part of their family, which further promotes the growth of the pet food market, encouraging pet owners to select nutritious, palatable, and high-quality foods for pets. Therefore, the evaluation of taste and volatile compounds in pet foods is essential to improve palatability. In this study, the sensory characteristics of taste and odor compounds in 10 commercially available dry dog foods were investigated using electronic tongue (E-tongue), electronic nose (E-nose), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O).

Sesquiterpene Lactones with Anti-Inflammatory Activity from the Halophyte DC.

There were five sesquiterpene lactones, belonging to the eudesmanolide class, isolated from the halophyte DC. The structures of the compounds were determined using spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR spectra, MS data, and optical rotation values. Compounds and were characterized by the position of -hydroxyphenylacetyl group in the sugar moiety.

Adipocytolytic Polymer Nanoparticles for Localized Fat Reduction.

The demand for body fat reduction is increasing. However, conventional lipolytic approaches fail to control adipose tissue reduction and cause severe side effects in adjacent nonadipose tissues. A strategy to specifically reduce subcutaneous fat using adipocytolytic polymer nanoparticles in a minimally invasive manner is reported here.

Voratins A-C: Pyridinium Alkaloids from the Marine Dinoflagellate with Inhibitory Effects on Biomarkers for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

Three voratin compounds (-) were isolated from the symbiotic marine dinoflagellate . The planar structures of - were determined by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and HRESIMS, and the relative and absolute configurations were established using ROESY correlations, Mosher's method, and quantum calculations. All of the compounds are zwitterionic and contain a dihydroindolizinium ring and a spiroketal moiety.

Ovataline: A Polyketide Isolated from the Benthic Dinoflagellate cf. with 5α-Reductase Inhibitory Activity in RWPE-1 Prostatic Cells.

Ovataline (), which is a polar metabolite containing a hexahydroquinoline moiety, was isolated from cultures of the marine dinoflagellate cf. . was characterized as a zwitterionic compound with hexahydroquinoline and tetrahydropyran rings.

The efficacy of a 2,4-diaminoquinazoline compound as an intranasal vaccine adjuvant to protect against influenza A virus infection in vivo.

Adjuvants are substances added to vaccines to enhance antigen-specific immune responses or to protect antigens from rapid elimination. As pattern recognition receptors, Toll-like receptors 7 (TLR7) and 8 (TLR8) activate the innate immune system by sensing endosomal single-stranded RNA of RNA viruses. Here, we investigated if a 2,4-diaminoquinazoline-based TLR7/8 agonist, (S)-3-((2-amino-8-fluoroquinazolin-4-yl)amino)hexan-1-ol (named compound 31), could be used as an adjuvant to enhance the serological and mucosal immunity of an inactivated influenza A virus vaccine.

Ras-related proteins (Rab) play significant roles in sperm motility and capacitation status.

Rab proteins are widely known for their involvement in establishing Golgi apparatus and controlling Golgi trafficking in eukaryotic cells. Specifically, Rab proteins play significant roles in acrosome formation and exocytosis. Furthermore, mechanisms involved in the regulation of Rab proteins during capacitation have been identified.

In Vitro Cellular Uptake and Transfection of Oligoarginine-Conjugated Glycol Chitosan/siRNA Nanoparticles.

Chitosan and its derivatives have been extensively utilized in gene delivery applications because of their low toxicity and positively charged characteristics. However, their low solubility under physiological conditions often limits their application. Glycol chitosan (GC) is a derivative of chitosan that exhibits excellent solubility in physiological buffer solutions.

Preclinical assessment of thrombin-preconditioned human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells for neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury.

Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a type of brain injury affecting approximately 1 million newborn babies per year worldwide, the only treatment for which is therapeutic hypothermia. Thrombin-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert neuroprotective effects by enriching cargo contents and boosting exosome biogenesis, thus showing promise as a new therapeutic strategy for HIE. This study was conducted to evaluate the tissue distribution and potential toxicity of thrombin-preconditioned human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (th-hWJMSCs) in animal models before the initiation of clinical trials.

Adverse postnatal developmental effects in offspring from humidifier disinfectant biocide inhaled pregnant rats.

Inhalation exposure to polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-P), one of the primary biocides used in humidifier disinfectants, caused a fatal pulmonary disease in Korea. Pregnant women were also exposed to PHMG-P, and subsequent studies showed that PHMG-P inhalation during pregnancy adversely affects their health and embryo-fetal development. However, the postnatal developmental effects after birth on prenatally PHMG-P-exposed offspring have not yet been investigated.

Densazalin, a New Cytotoxic Diazatricyclic Alkaloid from the Marine Sponge .

Densazalin, a polycyclic alkaloid, was isolated from the marine sponge collected in Korea. The complete structure of the compound was determined by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and comparison of the calculated and measured electronic circular dichroism spectra. Densazalin possesses a unique 5,11-diazatricyclo[7.

Serial blood sampling effects in rat embryo-fetal development studies for toxicokinetics.

Serial blood sampling for toxicokinetics is generally conducted in regulatory embryo-fetal development (EFD) studies in rats. EFD studies are designed to detect the potential adverse effects of pharmaceuticals on pregnant females and their fetuses; this information is useful for understanding the relationships between systemic exposure levels and toxicity profiles. However, additional satellite pregnant females are needed for toxicokinetics because comprehensive information regarding the potential impact of serial blood sampling on pregnant females is scarce.

Plastome analysis unveils Inverted Repeat (IR) expansion and positive selection in Sea Lavenders (, Plumbaginaceae, Limonioideae, Limonieae).

The genus , commonly known as Sea Lavenders, is one of the most species-rich genera of the family Plumbaginaceae. In this study, two new plastomes for the genus , viz. and , were sequenced and compared to available plastomes, viz.

Stereochemical Determination of Fistularins Isolated from the Marine Sponge and Their Regulatory Effect on Intestinal Inflammation.

By activity-guided fractionation based on inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE), six fistularin compounds (-) were isolated from the marine sponge (order Astrophorida). Based on stereochemical structure determination using Mosher's method, fistularin-3 was assigned as a new stereoisomer. On the basis of the stereochemistry of fistularin-3, the stereochemical homogeneity of all six compounds was established by comparing carbon and proton chemical shifts.

Isoquinolinequinone Derivatives from a Marine Sponge ( sp.) Regulate Inflammation in In Vitro System of Intestine.

Using bio-guided fractionation and based on the inhibitory activities of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), eight isoquinolinequinone derivatives (-) were isolated from the marine sponge sp. Among these, methyl -demethylrenierate () is a noble ester, whereas compounds and are new -demethyl derivatives of known isoquinolinequinones. Compound was assigned as a new 21-dehydroxyrenieramycin F.

Standardized Fraction of Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Chronic Colitis in C57BL/6 Mice via Upregulation of FOXP3 Regulatory T Cells.

is a tropical brown algae (seaweed) known to have anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we analyzed extract (TOE) using liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and evaluated the in vivo efficacy of TOE against dextran sulfate sodium-induced chronic colitis in C57BL/6 mice. The bioactive fraction of TOE was administered orally daily for 6 weeks to mice under different treatments normal, colitis, and colitis + conventional drug (5-aminosalicylic acid, 5-ASA).