Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease presenting as unilateral cerebral cortical encephalitis: a case report.

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an autoimmune disorder with diverse clinical manifestations including myelitis, meningitis, encephalitis, and optic neuritis. MOGAD rarely presents with unilateral cerebral cortical encephalitis (CCE), rendering the diagnosis difficult in these cases. Furthermore, MOGAD is frequently accompanied by other autoimmune diseases such as thyroid disease or inflammatory bowel disease.

Association between T1w/T2w ratio in white matter and cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease.

Loss of myelin in the brain may lead to cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The ratio of T1 weighted/T2 weighted (T1w/T2w) on magnetic resonance imaging has been used as a proxy for myelin content in the brain. Using this approach, we investigated the correlation between the white matter (WM) T1w/T2w ratio and both cognitive scores and disease progression in AD.

A case of hyperacute postvaccinal encephalopathy after BNT162b2 nCoV-19 vaccine.

The global severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic contributed to the development of a large variety of vaccines, of which postvaccinal hyperacute encephalopathy is a very rare complication. Despite its rarity, if diagnosed properly, appropriate treatment can be rapidly applied. A healthy 53-year-old woman was admitted for a seizure on the day she received the second dose of the BNT 162b2 nCoV-19 vaccine.

Isolated Leptomeningeal Enhancement in Anti-N-Methyl D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis: The Diagnostic Value of Contrast-Enhanced Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery Imaging.

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is a common autoimmune encephalitis that is noted to be a severe but treatable disease entity. Patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis often develop psychotic symptoms, including delusions, hallucinations, and paranoia, as well as memory impairment and persistent loss of attention. However, MRI findings in such patients show no abnormalities in most cases.

Carotid Vessel Wall MRI Findings in Acute Cerebral Infarction Caused by Polycythemia Vera: A Case Report.

Polycythemia vera (PV) is a rare myeloproliferative disease that causes elevated absolute red blood cell (RBC) mass due to uncontrolled RBC production. Moreover, this condition has been associated with a high risk of ischemic stroke and large vessel stenosis or occlusion, with many studies reporting cerebral infarction in PV patients. Despite these findings, there have been no reports on the vessel wall MRI (VW-MRI) findings of the narrowed vessels in PV-associated ischemic stroke patients.

Predictors of consciousness improvement in patients with hypoglycemic encephalopathy.

Aims: Hypoglycemic encephalopathy (HE) can cause long-lasting mental changes, disability, and even death. We aimed to investigate prognostic factors for HE and to determine when the treatment of HE becomes futile.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the data of patients admitted for prolonged HE at Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital between December 2005 and July 2021.

Mapping the Supratentorial Cerebral Arterial Territories Using 1160 Large Artery Infarcts.

Importance: Cerebral vascular territories are of key clinical importance in patients with stroke, but available maps are highly variable and based on prior studies with small sample sizes.

Objective: To update and improve the state of knowledge on the supratentorial vascular supply to the brain by using the natural experiment of large artery infarcts and to map out the variable anatomy of the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral artery (ACA, MCA, and PCA) territories.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this cross-sectional study, digital maps of supratentorial infarcts were generated using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 1160 patients with acute (<1-week) stroke recruited (May 2011 to February 2013) consecutively from 11 Korean stroke centers.

Importance of Contrast-Enhanced Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Various Intracranial Pathologic Conditions.

Intracranial lesions may show contrast enhancement through various mechanisms that are closely associated with the disease process. The preferred magnetic resonance sequence in contrast imaging is T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) at most institutions. However, lesion enhancement is occasionally inconspicuous on T1WI.

[Effects of Foot-Reflexology Massage on Fatigue, Stress and Postpartum Depression in Postpartum Women].

Purpose: To identify the effects of foot reflexology massage on fatigue, stress and depression of postpartum women.

Methods: A nonequivalent control group pre-post design was used. A total of 70 women in a postpartum care center were recruited and were assigned to the experimental group (35) or control group (35).

Usefulness of fetal urine production measurement for prediction of perinatal outcomes in uteroplacental insufficiency.

Objectives: To evaluate whether fetal urine production measurement is useful for predicting adverse outcomes in patients with uteroplacental insufficiency.

Methods: We enrolled patients with uteroplacental insufficiency at 24 to 40 weeks' gestation and normal pregnancies matched for gestational age and divided them into 3 groups according to perinatal outcomes: group 1 (n = 141), a control group of normal pregnancies; group 2 (n = 29), uteroplacental insufficiency without adverse outcomes; and group 3 (n = 18), uteroplacental insufficiency with adverse outcomes. An adverse outcome was defined as 1 or more of the following: (1) cesarean delivery because of fetal distress; (2) admission to the neonatal intensive care unit; (3) cord arterial pH less than 7.

Wernicke encephalopathy and ethanol-related syndromes.

Ethanol causes diverse neurologic conditions caused by acute and chronic brain damage. This review provides an overview of Wernicke encephalopathy and other ethanol-related brain changes, such as chronic brain atrophy, Marchiafava-Bignami disease, osmotic demyelination syndrome, chronic hepatic encephalopathy, and acute alcohol withdrawal. As clinical symptoms of this spectrum of diseases have nonspecific neurologic alterations, radiologists should have current radiologic information and understand the imaging findings pertaining to the pathophysiology to support diagnosis.

The usefulness of the oblique coronal plane in knee MRI on the evaluation of the posterior cruciate ligament.

Background: Imaging findings of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury may be equivocal, particularly when the patient has suffered a partial ligament tear. Some PCLs are positioned more horizontally, making it difficult to diagnose injury based on routine imaging planes alone due to partial volume artifact.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of combining oblique coronal imaging (PCL view) with traditional orthogonal views for PCL evaluation.

Intracranial metastases: spectrum of MR imaging findings.

Intracranial metastatic lesions arise through a number of routes. Therefore, they can involve any part of the central nervous system and their imaging appearances vary. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a key role in lesion detection, lesion delineation, and differentiation of metastases from other intracranial disease processes.

Changing epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in South Korea.

Objectives: Pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasing worldwide, but data from regions with an intermediate tuberculosis (TB) burden are insufficient, and the reason for the changing epidemiology of NTM lung disease is unclear. We investigated the trends of NTM lung disease at a tertiary hospital in Korea and evaluated the contribution of liquid culture systems.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of mycobacterial cultures of respiratory specimens from 26,793 patients at Severance Hospital in South Korea from January 2006 to December 2010.

Thyroid cysts treated with ethanol ablation can mimic malignancy during sonographic follow-up.

Purpose: We aimed to assess long-term ultrasound (US) findings after US-guided percutaneous ethanol ablation (EA) in benign thyroid cysts and predominantly cystic thyroid nodules.

Methods: Forty patients with thyroid cysts (n = 14) and predominantly cystic thyroid nodules (n = 26) underwent long-term US follow-up (range, 12-36 months; mean, 18.2 months) after EA.

High levels of apolipoprotein B/AI ratio are associated with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis.

Background And Purpose: The apolipoprotein B (apoB)/apoAI ratio is recognized as a better indicator of cardiovascular disease than other cholesterol measures. Whether intracranial or extracranial atherosclerosis is more closely associated with an increased apoB/apoAI ratio has not been investigated.

Methods: A total of 464 statin or fibrate naïve Korean patients with acute ischemic stroke was categorized into 3 groups: intracranial (ICAS, n=236), extracranial (n=44), and no cerebral atherosclerotic stenosis (n=184).

Incidental findings of the lumbar spine at MRI during herniated intervertebral disk disease evaluation.

Objective: The objective of our study was to evaluate the frequency and types of incidental findings of the lumbar spine during MR evaluation for herniated intervertebral disk disease.

Materials And Methods: A total of 1268 patients (male-to-female ratio, 421:847; age range, 1-97 years) with clinically suspected herniated intervertebral disk disease underwent MRI of the lumbar spine. Musculoskeletal radiologists evaluated the MR examinations for the presence of incidental findings.

Diagnostic value of peritumoral minimum apparent diffusion coefficient for differentiation of glioblastoma multiforme from solitary metastatic lesions.

Objective: In glioblastoma multiforme, the peritumoral region may be infiltrated with malignant cells in addition to vasogenic edema, whereas in a metastatic deposit, the peritumoral areas comprise predominantly vasogenic edema. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) can be used to differentiate glioblastoma from solitary metastasis on the basis of cellularity levels in the enhancing tumor and in the peritumoral region.

Materials And Methods: Seventy-three patients underwent conventional MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) before undergoing treatment.

Behavioral changes as the earliest clinical manifestation of progressive supranuclear palsy.

Background: The clinical and pathological heterogeneity of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is well established. Even with a well-defined clinical phenotype and a thorough laboratory workup, PSP can be misdiagnosed, especially in its early stages.

Case Report: A 52-year-old woman, who we initially diagnosed with a behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia developed parkinsonian features, which then progressed to gait instability and gaze abnormality.

Magnetic resonance imaging of pachymeningeal enhancement in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is a systemic disease consisting of bilateral granulomatous panuveitis combined with cutaneous and neurologic manifestations. However, there have been few reports of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in VKH disease. A 54-year-old Korean woman presented with severe periorbital pain, blurred vision and meningismus.

Citrus fruit intake and pancreatic cancer risk: a quantitative systematic review.

Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the association between dietary intake of citrus fruits and pancreatic cancer risk.

Methods: Authors searched electronic databases and the reference lists of publications of studies addressing diet and pancreatic cancer up to December 2007. All of the epidemiological studies that obtained individual data on dietary intake of citrus fruits and presented risk estimates of the association between intake of citrus fruits and risk of pancreatic cancer were identified and included.

Citrus fruits intake and prostate cancer risk: a quantitative systematic review.

Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the association between dietary intake of citrus fruits and prostate cancer risk.

Methods: Authors searched electronic databases and the reference lists of publications of diet and prostate cancer studies until August 2007. All of the epidemiological studies that obtained individual data on dietary intake of citrus fruits and presented risk estimates of the association between intake of citrus fruits and risk of prostate cancer were identified and included.

Citrus fruit intake and stomach cancer risk: a quantitative systematic review.

Background: The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the association between dietary intake of citrus fruits and gastric cancer risk.

Methods: We searched electronic databases and the reference lists of publications on diet and stomach cancer studies until April 2007. All of the epidemiological studies that obtained individual data on dietary intake of citrus fruits and presented risk estimates of the association between intake of citrus fruits and risk of stomach cancer were identified and included in this review.

Acute bilateral basal ganglia lesions in diabetic uraemia: diffusion-weighted MRI.

Methods: We studied four patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure who developed sudden choreic movement disorders. The clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, MR imaging findings, and clinical outcome in each patient were evaluated.

Results: All four patients had long-term diabetes mellitus and severe azotaemia.