Serum Levels of TNF-α Are Increased in Patients with Rotator Cuff Tear and Sleep Disturbance.

The purpose of this study was to determine serum levels of sleep-related cytokines in patients with rotator cuff tear (RCT) who were experiencing pain-related sleep disturbance. Peripheral blood samples before surgery were collected from 63 study participants and divided into three groups: RCT with sleep disturbance group; SD group ( = 21), RCT with normal sleep group; NS group ( = 21), and patients with chronic shoulder instability; control group ( = 21). Serum concentration levels of interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured via ELISA.

Enantioselective Synthesis of syn-α-Aryl-β-hydroxy Weinreb Amides: Catalytic Asymmetric Roskamp Reaction of α-Aryl Diazo Weinreb Amides.

A convenient one-pot procedure to synthesize a variety of highly optically active syn-α-aryl-β-hydroxy Weinreb amides using an asymmetric Roskamp/reduction strategy is described. An oxazaborolidinium ion catalyzed asymmetric Roskamp reaction of α-aryl diazo Weinreb amides with aldehydes produced α-phenyl-β-keto Weinreb amides, which were in situ reduced with zinc borohydride to give syn-α-aryl-β-hydroxy Weinreb amides in good yields (up to 87%) with high enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee) and syn stereoselectivities (>20:1).